Question

Combine and simplify. $$(a-3 i)+(a+5 i)$$

Short answer

The simplified form of the complex expression is \(2a+2i\)

Step-by-step solution

Distribute Real and Imaginary Parts

Separate the real and imaginary parts of each complex number. The real part is the term with the variable 'a', and the imaginary part is the term with 'i' after it.

Combine Like Terms

Combine the real parts with real parts and the imaginary parts with imaginary parts. In this case, combine 'a' with 'a' and '-3i' with '+5i'.

Simplify the Expression

Simplify the expression by adding the like terms. Adding 'a' and 'a' gives '2a', and '-3i' and '+5i' gives '+2i'.

Key concepts

Understanding Real and Imaginary Parts of Complex Numbers

When tackling complex number addition, visualizing them as a pair of coordinates can make the process more intuitive. Just as a set of coordinates \(x, y\) represents a point on a two-dimensional plane, a complex number represents a point on a complex plane, with the real part \(a\) corresponding to the x-axis (the real axis) and the imaginary part to the y-axis (the imaginary axis).

For the complex numbers in our exercise \(a-3i\) and \(a+5i\), \(a\) is the real part of both, and \-3i\ and \+5i\ are the imaginary parts. It's essential to comprehend that the real part and the imaginary part operate independently within the realm of complex numbers—much like how horizontal and vertical movements are independent of each other in coordinates.

Combining Like Terms

When adding complex numbers, you can think of 'like terms' in the same way as when you are adding algebraic expressions. Terms that are 'like' have the same variable part—in this case, terms with \(a\) are like terms, as are terms with \(i\).

To combine them effectively, group the real parts and the imaginary parts separately. For the given example, this means adding \(a\) to \(a\) to get \(2a\), and separately adding \-3i\ to \+5i\ to sum up the imaginary parts. This separation of terms is crucial for maintaining order in the calculation and ensuring that each part of the complex number is accurately combined with its corresponding counterpart.

Simplifying Expressions with Complex Numbers

Simplifying an expression with complex numbers isn't much different from simplifying a regular algebraic expression. After combining like terms, the goal is to condense the expression to its most straightforward form.

In our example, once we've added the real parts (\(a + a = 2a\)) and the imaginary parts (\(5i - 3i = 2i\)), we combine them to form a single simplified complex number \(2a + 2i\). You'll notice that we treat the imaginary unit \(i\) just like an algebraic variable, except it has special properties that are unique to complex numbers. The key point is not to intermingle the real and imaginary components, much like how you wouldn't mix units in a physics calculation—meter with seconds, for example.