Question

Round each number to two decimal places. $$398.372$$

Short answer

398.372 rounded to two decimal places is 398.37.

Step-by-step solution

Identify the Place Value to Round to

Locate the third decimal place since we are rounding to two decimal places, which is the number 2 in 398.372.

Determine the Rounding Digit

Look at the digit to the right of the second decimal place to decide whether to round up or down. The digit in the third decimal place is 2.

Apply Rounding Rules

Since the third decimal place is less than 5, we do not increase the second decimal place value. Therefore, 398.372 rounds down to 398.37 without changing the second decimal place value.

Key concepts

Place Value

Understanding the place value of a number is crucial when it comes to rounding decimals. The place value of a digit within a number tells us its value relative to its position. For instance, in the number 398.372, the 3 is in the hundreds place, meaning it represents 300; the 9 is in the tens place, representing 90; and the 8 is in the ones place, representing 8.

After the decimal point, the numbers represent fractions of one. The first decimal place is the tenths place, so the 3 in 398.372 means 3/10 or 0.3. The second decimal place is the hundredths place, and the third is the thousandths place. Recognizing these place values is the first step in rounding a number, as it is necessary to identify the precise position to which you are rounding.

Decimal Places

Decimal places are used to represent parts of a whole number, with each place holding a value ten times less than the place to its left. In the context of our number 398.372, the first decimal place after the point (3) is the tenths place, the second (7) is the hundredths place, and the third (2) is the thousandths place. These smaller increments allow us to express a number more precisely.

When we talk about rounding to a certain number of decimal places, we are saying that we want to keep a certain number of places after the decimal and eliminate the rest, while adjusting the last retained decimal place if necessary, based on the values of the digits we are discarding.

Rounding Rules

Rounding rules are straightforward guidelines that help determine whether to round a number up or down. When rounding to a particular place value, you look at the digit immediately to the right of the target place.

If this digit is 5 or higher, you round up. This means you add one to the digit you're rounding to and eliminate all the digits to the right of it. For example, rounding 398.376 to two decimal places would give us 398.38 because the digit in the thousandths place (6) is more than 5.

If the digit is less than 5, you round down and keep the digit you're rounding to the same while simultaneously dropping all digits to the right of it. Our example 398.372 rounded to two decimal places would be 398.37, since the digit in the thousandths place (2) is less than 5. It's also important to note that when rounding down, if the last retained decimal place is a '9', it may also be necessary to adjust the preceding digits if an increase occurs.