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Chapter 1: Problem 8

A relationship between two variables is described. In each case, we can think of one variable as helping to explain the other. Identify the explanatory variable and the response variable. Amount of fertilizer used and the yield of a crop

Short Answer

Expert verified
In this scenario, the explanatory variable is the 'amount of fertilizer used' and the response variable is the 'yield of a crop'.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the terms

To solve this problem, it's important to define and understand the two terms. An explanatory variable is one that can be manipulated or controlled, and it can affect the outcome or response variable. On the other hand, a response variable is what we measure or observe to test our hypothesis.
02

Apply the terms to the scenario

In this scenario, the 'amount of fertilizer used' is something that we can control or manipulate. We're interested in seeing how changing the amount of fertilizer used affects the 'yield of a crop'. Therefore, the explanatory variable is the amount of fertilizer used and the response variable is the yield of a crop.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A study published in 2010 showed that city dwellers have a \(21 \%\) higher risk of developing anxiety disorders and a \(39 \%\) higher risk of developing mood disorders than those who live in the country. A follow-up study published in 2011 used brain scans of city dwellers and country dwellers as they took a difficult math test. \(^{61}\) To increase the stress of the participants, those conducting the study tried to humiliate the participants by telling them how poorly they were doing on the test. The brain scans showed very different levels of activity in stress centers of the brain, with the urban dwellers having greater brain activity than rural dwellers in areas that react to stress. (a) Is the 2010 study an experiment or an observational study? (b) Can we conclude from the 2010 study that living in a city increases a person's likelihood of developing an anxiety disorder or mood disorder? (c) Is the 2011 study an experiment or an observational study? (d) In the 2011 study, what is the explanatory variable and what is the response variable? Indicate whether each is categorical or quantitative. (e) Can we conclude from the 2011 study that living in a city increases activity in stress centers of the brain when a person is under stress?

Describe an association between two variables. Give a confounding variable that may help to account for this association. Air pollution is higher in places with a higher proportion of paved ground relative to grassy ground.

Can experiences of parents affect future children? New studies \(^{12}\) suggest that they can: Early life experiences of parents appear to cause permanent changes in sperm and eggs. In one study, some male rats were fed a high-fat diet with \(43 \%\) of calories from fat (a typical American diet), while others were fed a normal healthy rat diet. Not surprisingly, the rats fed the high- fat diet were far more likely than the normal-diet rats to develop metabolic syndrome (characterized by such things as excess weight, excess fat, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance.) What surprised the scientists was that the daughters of these rats were also far more likely to develop metabolic syndrome than the daughters of rats fed healthy diets. None of the daughters and none of the mothers ate a high-fat diet and the fathers did not have any contact with the daughters. The high-fat diet of the fathers appeared to cause negative effects for their daughters. What are the two main variables in this study? Is each categorical or quantitative? Identify the explanatory and response variables.

State whether the data are best described as a population or a sample. A subscription-based music website tracks its total number of active users.

On January \(14,2012,\) Andrew Brown of Great Britain set the world record time ( 40 days) for rowing solo across the northern Atlantic Ocean. On March 14 , 2010, Katie Spotz of the United States became the youngest person to ever row solo across the Atlantic when she completed it in 70 days at the age of 22 years old. Table 1.3 shows times for males and females who rowed solo across the Atlantic Ocean in the last few years. \(^{10}\) (a) How many cases are there in this dataset? How many variables are there and what are they? Is each categorical or quantitative? (b) Display the information in Table 1.3 as a dataset with cases as rows and variables as columns. $$ \begin{array}{ll} \hline \text { Male times: } & 40,87,78,106,67 \\ \text { Female times: } & 70,153,81 \\ \hline \end{array} $$
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