Warning: foreach() argument must be of type array|object, bool given in /var/www/html/web/app/themes/studypress-core-theme/template-parts/header/mobile-offcanvas.php on line 20

Poor fitness in adolescents and adults increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. In a study of 3110 adolescents and 2205 adults ( Journal of the American Medical Association, December 21,2005\(),\) researchers found \(33.6 \%\) of adolescents and \(13.9 \%\) of adults were unfit; the percentage was similar in adolescent males \((32.9 \%)\) and females \((34.4 \%),\) but was higher in adult females \((16.2 \%)\) than in adult males \((11.8 \%)\). a. Summarize this information using a comparative bar graph that shows differences between males and females within the two different age groups. b. Comment on the interesting features of your graphical display.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The comparative bar graph shows that the percentage of unfit individuals is higher among adolescents compared to adults, with little differentiation between males and females within the adolescent group. However, in the adult group, the percentage of unfit individuals is higher among females compared to males.

Step by step solution

01

Understand Provided Data

We are told that the total number of adolescents in the study is 3110 and the total number of adults is 2205. There is also information about the percentage of unfit individuals within these categories and further broken down by gender. In terms of percentages, we know that: 33.6% of adolescents and 13.9% of adults are unfit. Among these unfit groups, 32.9% are adolescent males and 34.4% are adolescent females. From the adults, 11.8% are males and 16.2% are females.
02

Create Comparative Bar Graph

In order to create the comparative bar graph, we need to convert the percentages into actual numbers. For example, the number of unfit adolescents equals to \(33.6% \times 3110\), and so on for each category. The X-axis of our bar graph will represent the categories (adolescent males, adolescent females, adult males, and adult females), and the Y-axis will represent the number of unfit individuals. You need to draw four bars representing the above four categories, each of their height corresponding to the number of unfit individuals in that category. The bar graph will help to visually compare the differences between categories.
03

Interpret the Graph

Once the graph is properly created, take time to analyze the graph. The heights of the bars will show the differences in unfitness between different age groups and between males and females within these groups.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Percentage Calculations
Percentage calculations are essential when analyzing data, especially in determining quantities within a population. To find the number of unfit individuals in each group, we use percentage formulas. For instance, if 33.6% of adolescents are unfit, and the total number of adolescents is 3110, we calculate: \[\text{Number of unfit adolescents} = \frac{33.6}{100} \times 3110\] This approach applies similarly to other groups, revealing the proportions of their population. Understanding percentages helps in graphical comparisons and discussions of trends within data sets.
Gender Differences in Fitness
Gender differences in fitness indicate varying levels of physical performance and health risks across males and females. In the study, it was interesting to note that while adolescent males and females had similar unfitness percentages (32.9% for males and 34.4% for females), adult females had a higher unfitness rate compared to adult males (16.2% versus 11.8%). This information helps illustrate how fitness trends shift with age and gender. It's crucial for addressing specific health interventions needed for each demographic group. Observing these differences through a comparative bar graph can highlight prevalence patterns and inform targeted public health strategies.
Data Analysis
Data analysis involves interpreting and presenting collected data meaningfully. By breaking data into categories—such as adolescent males, adolescent females, adult males, and adult females—we can create a comparative bar graph. This visual representation provides a clear view of differences in fitness levels among these groups.
  • The X-axis categorizes the groups by age and gender.
  • The Y-axis shows the number of unfit individuals.
The analysis becomes more tangible as one can visibly see disparities. The bar heights underscore the contrast between groups, assisting in hypothesizing potential socio-environmental or biological factors contributing to these unfitness rates.
Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Understanding the risk of cardiovascular disease related to fitness is crucial for preventive health measures. Poor fitness in both adolescents and adults has been linked to a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. The study's data highlights significant differences in fitness levels across age and gender, shedding light on varied risk profiles. With adult women showing a higher unfitness percentage, they could potentially be at a greater risk of cardiovascular disease compared to their male counterparts. Identifying high-risk groups allows healthcare providers to focus efforts on reducing these risks through lifestyle changes and interventions. This understanding helps in forming health policies directed at improving fitness and consequently lowering heart disease risks in specific populations.

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

The article "Frost Belt Feels Labor Drain" (USA Today. May 1, 2008 ) points out that even though total population is increasing, the pool of young workers is shrinking in many states. This observation was prompted by the data in the accompanying table. Entries in the table are the percent change in the population of 25 - to 44 -year-olds over the period from 2000 to 2007 . A negative percent change corresponds to a state that had fewer 25 - to 44 -year-olds in 2007 than in 2000 (a decrease in the pool of young workers). a. The smallest value in the data set is -11.9 and the largest value is \(22.0 .\) One possible choice of stems for a stem-and-leaf display would be to use the tens digit, resulting in stems of \(-1,-0,0,1,\) and 2 . Notice that because there are both negative and positive values in the data set, we would want to use two 0 stems-one where we can enter leaves for the negative percent changes that are between 0 and -9.9 , and one where we could enter leaves for the positive percent changes that are between 0 and 9.9 . Construct a stem-and-leaf plot using these five stems. (Hint: Think of each data value as having two digits before the decimal place, so 4.1 would be regarded as 04.1.) b. Using two-digit stems would result in more than 30 stems, which is more than we would usually want for a stem-and-leaf display. Describe a strategy for using repeated stems that would result in a stemand-leaf display with about 10 stems. c. The article described "the frost belt" as the cold part of the country-the Northeast and Midwestnoting that states in the frost belt generally showed a decline in the number of people in the \(25-\) to 44 -year-old age group. How would you describe the group of states that saw a marked increase in the number of 25 - to 44 -year-olds?

The report "Wireless Substitution: Early Release of Estimates from the National Health Interview Survey" (Center for Disease Control, 2009 ) gave the following estimates of the percentage of homes in the United States that had only wireless phone service at 6-month intervals from June 2005 to December 2008 . \begin{tabular}{lr} & Percent with Only \\ Date & Wireless Phone Service \\ \hline June 2005 & 7.3 \\ December 2005 & 8.4 \\ June 2006 & 10.5 \\ December 2006 & 12.8 \\ June 2007 & 13.6 \\ December 2007 & 15.8 \\ June 2008 & 17.5 \\ December 2008 & 20.2 \\ \hline \end{tabular} Construct a time-series plot for these data and describe the trend in the percent of homes with only wireless phone service over time. Has the percent increased at a fairly steady rate?

The article "The Need to Be Plugged In" (Associated Press, December 22,2005 ) described the results of a survey of 1006 adults who were asked about various technologies, including personal computers, cell phones, and DVD players. The accompanying table summarizes the responses to questions about how essential these technologies were. \begin{tabular}{lccc} & \multicolumn{3}{c} { Relative Frequency } \\ \cline { 2 - 4 } Response & Personal Computer & Cell Phone & DVD Player \\ \hline Cannot imagine living without & .46 & .41 & .19 \\ Would miss but could do without & .28 & .25 & .35 \\ Could definitely live without \\ \hline \end{tabular} Construct a comparative bar chart that shows the distribution of responses for the three different technologies.

The article "Housework around the World" (USA Today. September 15,2009 ) included the percentage of women who say their spouses never help with household chores for five different countries. \begin{tabular}{lc} Country & Percentage \\ \hline Japan & \(74 \%\) \\ France & \(44 \%\) \\ United Kingdom & \(40 \%\) \\ United States & \(34 \%\) \\ Canada & \(31 \%\) \\ \hline \end{tabular} a. Display the information in the accompanying table in a bar chart. b. The article did not state how the author arrived at the given percentages. What are two questions that you would want to ask the author about how the data used to compute the percentages were collected? c. Assuming that the data that were used to compute these percentages were collected in a reasonable way, write a few sentences describing how the five countries differ in terms of spouses helping their wives with housework.

An exam is given to students in an introductory statistics course. What is likely to be true of the shape of the histogram of scores if: a. the exam is quite easy? b. the exam is quite difficult? c. half the students in the class have had calculus, the other half have had no prior college math courses, and the exam emphasizes mathematical manipulation? Explain your reasoning in each case.

See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Math Textbooks

View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.

Sign-up for free