Logout Open In App
Open In App
Warning: foreach() argument must be of type array|object, bool given in /var/www/html/web/app/themes/studypress-core-theme/template-parts/header/mobile-offcanvas.php on line 20

Chapter 14: Problem 37

The article "A "White' Name Found to Help in Job Search" (Associated Press, January 15,2003 ) described an experiment to investigate if it helps to have a "white-sounding" first name when looking for a job. Researchers sent resumes in response to 5,000 ads that appeared in the Boston Globe and Chicago Tribune. The resumes were identical except that 2,500 used "white-sounding" first names, such as Brett and Emily, whereas the other 2,500 used "black- sounding" names such as Tamika and Rasheed. The 5,000 job ads were assigned at random to either the white-sounding name group or the black-sounding name group. Resumes with whitesounding names received 250 responses while resumes with black sounding names received only 167 responses. a. What are the two treatments in this experiment? b. Use the data from this experiment to estimate the difference in response proportions for the two treatments.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The two treatments in this experiment are 1) usage of 'white-sounding' names on resumes and 2) usage of 'black-sounding' names on resumes. The estimated difference in response proportion between the two treatments is approximately 3.3%, showing a preference for 'white-sounding' names based on the given data.

Step by step solution

01

Identifying the Treatments

The two treatments within this study or experiment are 1) usage of 'white-sounding' names on the resumes and 2) usage of 'black-sounding' names on the resumes. These treatments are used to analyze the potential bias in employers when responding to the received resumes.
02

Calculating Response Proportions

Step two involves determining the response proportion for each group. This can be achieved by dividing the number of responses by the total number of resumes in each group. For the 'white-sounding' names group: total responses (250) divided by total sent resumes (2500), yields a response proportion of 0.10. For the 'black-sounding' group: total responses (167) divided by total sent resumes (2500), yields a response proportion of about 0.067.
03

Estimating the Difference in Response Rates

The difference in response proportions for the 'white-sounding' and 'black-sounding' names can be calculated by subtracting the response proportion for the 'black-sounding' names from the response proportion for the 'white-sounding' names. This difference is 0.10 - 0.067 = 0.033, signifying that the 'white-sounding' names garnered a 3.3% higher response rate compared to the 'black-sounding' names group.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Start your free trial

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

14.25 Can moving their hands help children learn math? This question was investigated in the paper "Gesturing Gives Children New Ideas About Math" (Psychological Science [2009]\(: 267-272\) ). Eighty-five children in the third and fourth grades who did not answer any questions correctly on a test with six problems of the form \(3+2+8=+8\) were participants in an experiment. The children were randomly assigned to either a no-gesture group or a gesture group. All the children were given a lesson on how to solve problems of this form using the strategy of trying to make both sides of the equation equal. Children in the gesture group were also taught to point to the first two numbers on the left side of the equation with the index and middle finger of one hand and then to point at the blank on the right side of the equation. This gesture was supposed to emphasize that grouping is involved in solving the problem. The children then practiced additional problems of this type. All children were then given a test with six problems to solve, and the number of correct answers was recorded for each child. Summary statistics follow.

The article "Fish Oil Staves Off Schizophrenia" (USA Today, February 2,2010 ) describes a study in which 81 patients ages 13 to 25 who were considered at risk for mental illness were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Those in one group took four fish oil capsules daily. Those in the other group took a placebo. After 1 year, \(5 \%\) of those in the fish oil group and \(28 \%\) of those in the placebo group had become psychotic. Is it appropriate to use the twosample \(z\) test to test hypotheses about the difference in the proportions of patients receiving the fish oil and the placebo treatments who became psychotic? Explain why or why not.

The paper "Fudging the Numbers: Distributing Chocolate Influences Student Evaluations of an Undergraduate Course" (Teaching of Psychology [2007]: \(245-247\) ) describes an experiment in which 98 students at the University of Illinois were assigned at random to one of two groups. All students took a class from the same instructor in the same semester. Students were required to report to an assigned room at a set time to fill out a course evaluation. One group of students reported to a room where they were offered a small bar of chocolate as they entered. The other group reported to a different room where they were not offered chocolate. Summary statistics for the overall course evaluation score are given in the accompanying table. \begin{tabular}{lccc} Group & \(n\) & \(\bar{x}\) & \(s\) \\ Chocolate & 49 & 4.07 & 0.88 \\ No Chocolate & 49 & 3.85 & 0.89 \\ \hline \end{tabular} a. Use the given information to construct and interpret a \(95 \%\) confidence interval for the mean difference in overall course evaluation score. b. Does the confidence interval from Part (a) support the statement made in the title of the paper? Explain.

In the paper "Happiness for Sale: Do Experiential Purchases Make Consumers Happier than Material Purchases?" (Journal of Consumer Research [2009]: \(188-197\) ), the authors distinguish between spending money on experiences (such as travel) and spending money on material possessions (such as a car). In an experiment to determine if the type of purchase affects how happy people are after the purchase has been made, 185 college students were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The students in the "experiential" group were asked to recall a time when they spent about \(\$ 300\) on an experience. They rated this purchase on three different happiness scales that were then combined into an overall measure of happiness. The students assigned to the "material" group recalled a time that they spent about \(\$ 300\) on an object and rated this purchase in the same manner. The mean happiness score was 5.75 for the experiential group and 5.27 for the material group. Standard deviations and sample sizes were not given in the paper, but for purposes of this exercise, suppose that they were as follows: \begin{tabular}{|ll|} \hline Experiential & Material \\ \hline\(n_{1}=92\) & \(n_{2}=93\) \\ \(s_{1}=1.2\) & \(s_{2}=1.5\) \\ \hline \end{tabular} Using the following Minitab output, carry out a hypothesis test to determine if these data support the authors' conclusion that, on average, "experiential purchases induced more reported happiness." Use \(\alpha=0.05\) Two-Sample T-Test and Cl Sample \(\begin{array}{rrrrr}\text { ple } & \text { N } & \text { Mean } & \text { StDev } & \text { SE Mean } \\ 1 & 92 & 5.75 & 1.20 & 0.13 \\ 2 & 93 & 5.27 & 1.50 & 0.16\end{array}\) Difference \(=\operatorname{mu}(1)-\operatorname{mu}(2)\) Estimate for difference: 0.480000 \(95 \%\) lower bound for difference: 0.149917 T-Test of difference \(=0(\mathrm{vs}>): \mathrm{T}\) -Value \(=2.40 \mathrm{P}\) -Value \(=\) \(0.009 \mathrm{DF}=175\)

\( \quad(\mathrm{M} 1, \mathrm{M} 5, \mathrm{M} 6, \mathrm{P} 3)\) "Doctors Praise Device That Aids Ailing Hearts" (Associated Press, November 9,2004 ) is the headline of an article that describes a study of the effectiveness of a fabric device that acts like a support stocking for a weak or damaged heart. In the study, 107 people who consented to treatment were assigned at random to either a standard treatment consisting of drugs or the experimental treatment that consisted of drugs plus surgery to install the stocking. After two years, \(38 \%\) of the 57 patients receiving the stocking had improved, while \(27 \%\) of the patients receiving the standard treatment had improved. Do these data provide evidence that the proportion of patients who improve is significantly higher for the experimental treatment than for the standard treatment? Test the relevant hypotheses using a significance level of 0.05
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Math Textbooks

Theoretical and Mathematical Physics

Read Explanation

Pure Maths

Read Explanation

Mechanics Maths

Read Explanation

Statistics

Read Explanation

Geometry

Read Explanation

Decision Maths

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.

Sign-up for free