Chapter 1: Q6. (page 49)
Explain the difference between quantitative and qualitative data?
The main difference between quantitative and qualitative data is that the former is represented by numbers while later is represented by a name, code, or any other attribute such as a symbol.
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Jamming attacks on wireless networks. Terrorists often use wireless networks to communicate. To disrupt these communications, the U.S. military uses jamming attacks on the wireless networks. The International Journal of Production Economics (Vol. 172, 2016) described a study of 80 such jamming attacks. The configuration of the wireless network attacked was determined in each case. Configuration consists of network type (WLAN, WSN, or AHN) and number of channels (single- or multi-channel).
a. Suppose the 80 jamming attacks represent all jamming attacks by the U.S. military over the past several years, and these attacks are the only attacks of interest to the researchers. Do the data associated with these 80 attacks represent a population or a sample? Explain.
b. The 80 jamming attacks actually represent a sample. Describe the population for which this sample is representative.
c. Identify the variable “network type” as quantitative or qualitative.
d. Identify the variable “number of channels” as quantitative or qualitative.
e. Explain how to measure number of channels quantitatively?
Explain the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics.
Can money spent on gifts buy love? Is the gift you purchased for that special someone really appreciated? This was the question of interest to business professors at Stanford University. Their research was published in the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 45, 2009). In one study, the researchers investigated the link between engagement ring price (dollars) and level of appreciation of the recipient (measured on a 7-point scale where 1 = “not at all” and 7 = “to a great extent”). Participants for the study were those who used a popular Web site for engaged couples. The Web site’s directory was searched for those with “average” American names (e.g., “John Smith,” “Sara Jones”). These individuals were then invited to participate in an online survey in exchange for a $10 gift certificate. Of the respondents, those who paid really high or really low prices for the ring were excluded, leaving a sample size of 33 respondents.
a. Identify the experimental units for this study.
b. What are the variables of interest? Are they quantitative or qualitative in nature?
c. Describe the population of interest.
d. Do you believe the sample of 33 respondents is representative of the population? Explain.
e. In a second designed study, the researchers investigated whether the link between gift price and level of appreciation is stronger for birthday gift-givers than for birthday gift-receivers. The participants were randomly assigned to play the role of gift-giver or gift-receiver. Assume that the sample consists of 50 individuals. Use a random number generator to randomly assign 25 individuals to play the gift-receiver role and 25 to play the gift-giver role.
Explain how populations and samples differ?
Give an example of unethical statistical practice.
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