Chapter 7: Q109S (page 441)
Complete the following statement: The smaller the p-value associated with a test of hypothesis, the stronger the support for the _____ hypothesis. Explain your answer.
Alternative hypothesis.
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Managers who engage in โcoopetition.โ In business, firms that both cooperate and compete with other firms are described as engaging in โcoopetition.โ A study published in Industrial Marketing Management (February 2016) examined the level of external tension experienced by managers who engage in coopetition. External tension (measured on a 20-point scale) was recorded for each in a sample of 1,532 managers, all from firms that were engaged in coopetition. The sample mean tension was x=10.82 and the sample standard deviation was s=3.04.
Conduct a test (using a=.05) to determine if the true mean external tension level of all managers who engage in coopetition differs from 10.5 points.
Question:Accounting and Machiavellianism. Refer to the Behavioral Research in Accounting (January 2008) study of Machiavellian traits in accountants, Exercise 6.19 (p. 341). A Mach rating score was determined for each in a random sample of 122 purchasing managers, with the following results:xฬ = 99.6 s = 12.6. Recall that a director of purchasing at a major firm claims that the true mean Mach rating score of all purchasing managers is 85.
a. Suppose you want to test the directorโs claim. Specify the null and alternative hypotheses for the test.
b. Give the rejection region for the test using ฮฑ = 0.10.
c. Find the value of the test statistic.
d. Use the result, part c, to make the appropriate conclusion.
Intrusion detection systems. The Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (Novemberโ December 2003) published a study of a computer intrusion detection system (IDS). The IDS is designed to provide an alarm whenever unauthorized access (e.g., an intrusion) to a computer system occurs. The probability of the system giving a false alarm (i.e., providing a warning when no intrusion occurs) is defined by the symbol , while the probability of a missed detection (i.e., no warning given when an intrusion occurs) is defined by the symbol . These symbols are used to represent Type I and Type II error rates, respectively, in a hypothesis-testing scenario
a. What is the null hypothesis, ?
b. What is the alternative hypothesis,?
c. According to actual data collected by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory, only 1 in 1,000 computer sessions with no intrusions resulted in a false alarm. For the same system, the laboratory found that only 500 of 1,000 intrusions were actually detected. Use this information to estimate the values of and .
โMade in the USAโ survey. Refer to the Journal of Global Business (Spring 2002) study of what โMade in the USAโ means to consumers, Exercise 2.154 (p. 143). Recall that 64 of 106 randomly selected shoppers believed โMade in the USAโ means 100% of labor and materials are from the United States. Let p represent the true proportion of consumers who believe โMade in the USAโ means 100% of labor and materials are from the United States.
a. Calculate a point estimate for p.
FDA certification of new drugs. Pharmaceutical companies spend billions of dollars per year on research and development of new drugs. The pharmaceutical company must subject each new drug to lengthy and involved testing before receiving the necessary permission from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to market the drug. The FDAโs policy is that the pharmaceutical company must provide substantial evidence that a new drug is safe prior to receiving FDA approval, so that the FDA can confidently certify the safety of the drug to potential consumers.
a. If the new drug testing were to be placed in a test of hypothesis framework, would the null hypothesis be that the drug is safe or unsafe? The alternative hypothesis?
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