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Specify the differences between a large-sample and a small-sample test of a hypothesis about a population mean m. Focus on the assumptions and test statistics.

Short Answer

Expert verified

A large-sample, as well as a small-sample hypothesis test of a population, mean, μvary because a large sample can be considered to be typically disturbed.

Step by step solution

01

Hypothesis

A hypothesis is an assumption formed based on facts. This is the first step in every inquiry that converts research issues into forecasts. It consists of variables, a population, as well as the relationship among the variables. A research hypothesis is a theory used to evaluate the link among two or more variables.

02

Explanation

In a population's large-sample and small-sample hypothesis tests, the mean varies because a large sample can be considered typically disturbed. As a result, one can use a normally distributed area to conduct an extensive sample hypothesis test. However, this assumption may not remain valid for a smaller sample. Therefore we utilize the t distribution for a minor sample hypothesis test.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

If a hypothesis test were conducted using α= 0.05, for which of the following p-values would the null hypothesis be rejected?

a. .06

b. .10

c. .01

d. .001

e. .251

f. .042

Question: Testing the placebo effect. The placebo effect describes the phenomenon of improvement in the condition of a patient taking a placebo—a pill that looks and tastes real but contains no medically active chemicals. Physicians at a clinic in La Jolla, California, gave what they thought were drugs to 7,000 asthma, ulcer, and herpes patients. Although the doctors later learned that the drugs were really placebos, 70% of the patients reported an improved condition. Use this information to test (at α = 0.05) the placebo effect at the clinic. Assume that if the placebo is ineffective, the probability of a patient’s condition improving is 0.5.

A random sample of 175 measurements possessed a mean x¯=8.2 and a standard deviation s = .79.

a. Test H0:μ=8.3 against Ha:μ8.3Use a=0.05

Authorizing computer users with palm prints. Access to computers, email, and Facebook accounts is achieved via a password—a collection of symbols (usually letters and numbers) selected by the user. One problem with passwords is that persistent hackers can create programs that enter millions of combinations of symbols into a target system until the correct password is found. An article in IEEE Pervasive Computing (October-December 2007) investigated the effectiveness of using palm prints to identify authorized users. For example, a system developed by Palmguard, Inc. tests the hypothesis

\({H_0}\): The proposed user is authorized

\({H_a}\): The proposed user is unauthorized

by checking characteristics of the proposed user’s palm print against those stored in the authorized users’ data bank.

a. Define a Type I error and Type II error for this test. Which is the more serious error? Why?

Solder-joint inspections. Current technology uses high-resolution X-rays and lasers to inspect solder-joint defects on printed circuit boards (PCBs) (Global SMT & Packaging, April 2008). A particular manufacturer of laser-based inspection equipment claims that its product can inspect, on average, at least 10 solder joints per second when the joints are spaced .1 inch apart. The equipment was tested by a potential buyer on 48 different PCBs. In each case, the equipment was operated for exactly 1 second. The number of solder joints inspected on each run follows:

The potential buyer wants to know whether the sample data refute the manufacturer’s claim. Specify the null and alternative hypotheses that the buyer should test.

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