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In Exercise 3, find the vector x determined by the given coordinate vector \({\left( x \right)_{\rm B}}\) and the given basis \({\rm B}\).

3. \({\rm B} = \left\{ {\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{\bf{1}}\\{ - {\bf{4}}}\\{\bf{3}}\end{array}} \right),\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{\bf{5}}\\{\bf{2}}\\{ - {\bf{2}}}\end{array}} \right),\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{\bf{4}}\\{ - {\bf{7}}}\\{\bf{0}}\end{array}} \right)} \right\},{\left( x \right)_{\rm B}} = \left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{\bf{3}}\\{\bf{0}}\\{ - {\bf{1}}}\end{array}} \right)\)

Short Answer

Expert verified

Vector \(x = \left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{ - 1}\\{ - 5}\\9\end{array}} \right)\)

Step by step solution

01

Use the definition

The coordinates of x relative to basis\({\rm B} = \left\{ {{b_{\bf{1}}},{b_{\bf{2}}},...,{b_n}} \right\}\)are the weights\({c_{\bf{1}}},{c_{\bf{2}}},...,{c_n}\),such that \(x = {c_{\bf{1}}}{b_{\bf{1}}} + {c_{\bf{2}}}{b_{\bf{2}}} + ... + {c_n}{b_n}\). Then,\({\left( x \right)_{\rm B}} = \left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{{c_1}}\\{{c_2}}\\ \vdots \\{{c_n}}\end{array}} \right)\).

02

Find x

By the above definition, you get

\[\begin{array}{c}x = 3\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}1\\{ - 4}\\3\end{array}} \right] + 0\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}5\\2\\{ - 2}\end{array}} \right] + \left( { - 1} \right)\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}4\\{ - 7}\\0\end{array}} \right]\\ = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}3\\{ - 12}\\9\end{array}} \right] + 0 + \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{ - 4}\\7\\0\end{array}} \right]\\ = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{3 - 4}\\{ - 12 + 7}\\9\end{array}} \right]\\x = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{ - 1}\\{ - 5}\\9\end{array}} \right].\end{array}\]

03

Draw a conclusion

Hence, vector \(x = \left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{ - 1}\\{ - 5}\\9\end{array}} \right)\).

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Question: Determine if the matrix pairs in Exercises 19-22 are controllable.

19. \(A = \left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{.9}&1&0\\0&{ - .9}&0\\0&0&{.5}\end{array}} \right),B = \left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}0\\1\\1\end{array}} \right)\).

If the null space of an \({\bf{8}} \times {\bf{5}}\) matrix A is 2-dimensional, what is the dimension of the row space of A?

Define by \(T\left( {\mathop{\rm p}\nolimits} \right) = \left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{{\mathop{\rm p}\nolimits} \left( 0 \right)}\\{{\mathop{\rm p}\nolimits} \left( 1 \right)}\end{array}} \right)\). For instance, if \({\mathop{\rm p}\nolimits} \left( t \right) = 3 + 5t + 7{t^2}\), then \(T\left( {\mathop{\rm p}\nolimits} \right) = \left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}3\\{15}\end{array}} \right)\).

  1. Show that \(T\) is a linear transformation. (Hint: For arbitrary polynomials p, q in \({{\mathop{\rm P}\nolimits} _2}\), compute \(T\left( {{\mathop{\rm p}\nolimits} + {\mathop{\rm q}\nolimits} } \right)\) and \(T\left( {c{\mathop{\rm p}\nolimits} } \right)\).)
  2. Find a polynomial p in \({{\mathop{\rm P}\nolimits} _2}\) that spans the kernel of \(T\), and describe the range of \(T\).

In Exercises 27-30, use coordinate vectors to test the linear independence of the sets of polynomials. Explain your work

\({\left( {{\bf{1}} - t} \right)^{\bf{2}}}\),\(t - {\bf{2}}{t^{\bf{2}}} + {t^{\bf{3}}}\),\({\left( {{\bf{1}} - t} \right)^{\bf{3}}}\)

Question: Exercises 12-17 develop properties of rank that are sometimes needed in applications. Assume the matrix\(A\)is\(m \times n\).

15. Let\(A\)be an\(m \times n\)matrix, and let\(B\)be a\(n \times p\)matrix such that\(AB = 0\). Show that\({\mathop{\rm rank}\nolimits} A + {\mathop{\rm rank}\nolimits} B \le n\). (Hint: One of the four subspaces\({\mathop{\rm Nul}\nolimits} A\),\({\mathop{\rm Col}\nolimits} A,\,{\mathop{\rm Nul}\nolimits} B\), and\({\mathop{\rm Col}\nolimits} B\)is contained in one of the other three subspaces.)

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