Q. 4 Studies are often done by pharma... [FREE SOLUTION]

Several online textbook retailers advertise that they have lower prices than on-campus bookstores. However, an important factor is whether the Internet retailers actually have the textbooks that students need in stock. Students need to be able to get textbooks promptly at the beginning of the college term. If the book is not available, then a student would not be able to get the textbook at all, or might get a delayed delivery if the book is back ordered.

A college newspaper reporter is investigating textbook availability at online retailers. He decides to investigate one textbook for each of the following seven subjects: calculus, biology, chemistry, physics, statistics, geology, and general engineering. He consults textbook industry sales data and selects the most popular nationally used textbook in each of these subjects. He visits websites for a random sample of major online textbook sellers and looks up each of these seven textbooks to see if they are available in stock for quick delivery through these retailers. Based on his investigation, he writes an article in which he draws conclusions about the overall availability of all college textbooks through online textbook retailers.

Write an analysis of his study that addresses the following issues: Is his sample representative of the population of all college textbooks? Explain why or why not. Describe some possible sources of bias in this study, and how it might affect the results of the study. Give some suggestions about what could be done to improve the study.

A “random survey” was conducted of $3, 274$ people of the “microprocessor generation” (people born since $1971$ , the year the microprocessor was invented). It was reported that 48% of those individuals surveyed stated that if they had $$ 2, 000$ to spend, they would use it for computer equipment. Also, $66 %$ of those surveyed considered themselves relatively savvy computer users.

a. Do you consider the sample size large enough for a study of this type? Why or why not?

b. Based on your “gut feeling,” do you believe the percents accurately reflect the U.S. population for those individuals born since $1971$ ? If not, do you think the percents of the population are actually higher or lower than the sample statistics? Why? Additional information: The survey, reported by Intel Corporation, was filled out by individuals who visited the Los Angeles Convention Center to see the Smithsonian Institute's road show called “America’s Smithsonian.”

c. With this additional information, do you feel that all demographic and ethnic groups were equally represented at the event? Why or why not?

d. With the additional information, comment on how accurately you think the sample statistics reflect the population parameters

What type of measure scale is being used? Nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio.

a. High school soccer players classified by their athletic ability: Superior, Average, Above average

b. Baking temperatures for various main dishes: 350, 400, 325, 250, 300

c. The colors of crayons in a 24-crayon box

d. Social security numbers

e. Incomes measured in dollars

f. A satisfaction survey of a social website by number: 1 = very satisfied, 2 = somewhat satisfied, 3 = not satisfied

g. Political outlook: extreme left, left-of-center, right-of-center, extreme right

h. Time of day on an analog watch

i. The distance in miles to the closest grocery store

j. The dates 1066, 1492, 1644, 1947, and 1944

k. The heights of 21–65 year-old women

l. Common letter grades: A, B, C, D, and F

The graph in Figure $1.15$ shows the number of complaints for six different airlines as reported to the US Department of Transportation in February $2013$ . Alaska, Pinnacle, and Airtran Airlines have far fewer complaints reported than American, Delta, and United. Can we conclude that American, Delta, and United are the worst airline carriers since they have the most complaints?

Use the following information to answer the next seven exercises: Studies are often done by pharmaceutical companies to determine the effectiveness of a treatment program. Suppose that a new AIDS antibody drug is currently under study. It is given to patients once the AIDS symptoms have revealed themselves. Of interest is the average (mean) length of time in months patients live once starting the treatment. Two researchers each follow a different set of 40 AIDS patients from the start of treatment until their deaths. The following data (in months) are collected.

Researcher A: 3; 4; 11; 15; 16; 17; 22; 44; 37; 16; 14; 24; 25; 15; 26; 27; 33; 29; 35; 44; 13; 21; 22; 10; 12; 8; 40; 32; 26; 27; 31; 34; 29; 17; 8; 24; 18; 47; 33; 34

Researcher B: 3; 14; 11; 5; 16; 17; 28; 41; 31; 18; 14; 14; 26; 25; 21; 22; 31; 2; 35; 44; 23; 21; 21; 16; 12; 18; 41; 22; 16; 25; 33; 34; 29; 13; 18; 24; 23; 42; 33; 29

Determine what the key term data refers to in the above example for Researcher A.

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