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Chapter 2: Problem 42

Give an example of an experiment for each of the following: a. Single-blind experiment with the subjects blinded b. Single-blind experiment with the individuals measuring the response blinded c. Double-blind experiment d. An experiment that is not possible to blind

Short Answer

Expert verified
a. A sample experiment could be testing a medication where subjects do not know if they are receiving the actual medication or a placebo. b. A taste test can be a suitable experiment where the data collector is blinded from knowing the brands of the food items. c. A clinical trial to test a new vaccine where neither the subjects nor the doctors are aware of who received what can be a double-blind experiment. d. An experiment to study exercise's impact on weight loss cannot be blinded since participants are clearly aware whether they are part of the control group or the experimental group.

Step by step solution

01

Single-blind Experiment with the Subjects Blinded

In this type of experiment, the subjects or participants don't know whether they are part of the experimental group or the control group. For instance, testing the effectiveness of a medication where subjects are given either the actual medication or a placebo.
02

Single-blind Experiment with the Individuals Measuring the Response Blinded

In this experimental setup, the person who measures the experiment's output is unaware of who is in the control group or the experimental group, thus reducing the accuracy bias. For example, a taste test where the person collecting data doesn't know which food item is from which brand.
03

Double-blind Experiment

A double-blind experiment ensures that both the subjects and the people taking measurements are blind i.e., none of them are aware of who is in the control group or the experimental group. For instance, a clinical trial to test a new vaccine where neither patients nor the doctors are aware of who received the vaccine or the placebo.
04

An Experiment that is Not Possible to Blind

Some experiments cannot hide the differentiation between experimental and control groups due to the nature of the experiment. For instance, an experiment to see the impact of exercise on weight loss, participants know if they are in the group that exercises or in the control group that doesn't.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Whether or not to continue a Mardi Gras Parade through downtown San Luis Obispo, \(\mathrm{CA}\), is a hotly debated topic. The parade is popular with students and many residents, but some celebrations have led to complaints and a call to eliminate the parade. The local newspaper conducted online and telephone surveys of its readers and was surprised by the results. The survey web site received more than 400 responses, with more than \(60 \%\) favoring continuing the parade, while the telephone response line received more than 120 calls, with more than \(90 \%\) favoring banning the parade (San Luis Obispo Tribune, March 3, 2004). What factors may have contributed to these very different results?

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As part of a curriculum review, the psychology department would like to select a simple random sample of 20 of last year's 140 graduates to obtain information on how graduates perceived the value of the curriculum. Describe two different methods that might be used to select the sample.

"Fruit Juice May Be Fueling Pudgy Preschoolers, Study Says" is the title of an article that appeared in the San Luis Obispo Tribune (February 27, 2005). This article describes a study that found that for 3 - and 4 -year-olds, drinking something sweet once or twice a day doubled the risk of being seriously overweight one year later. The authors of the study state Total energy may be a confounder if consumption of sweet drinks is a marker for other dietary factors associated with overweight ... (Pediatrics, November 2005 ) Give an example of a dietary factor that might be one of the potentially confounding variables the study authors are worried about.

An article in the San Luis Obispo Tribune (September 7,1999 ) described an experiment designed to investigate the effect of creatine supplements on the development of muscle fibers. The article states that the researchers "looked at 19 men, all about 25 years of age and similar in weight, lean body mass, and capacity to lift weights. Ten were given creatine \(-25\) grams a day for the first week, followed by 5 grams a day for the rest of the study. The rest were given a fake preparation. No one was told what he was getting. All the men worked out under the guidance of the same trainer. The response variable measured was gain in fat-free mass (in percent)." a. What extraneous variables are identified in the given statement, and what strategy did the researchers use to deal with them? b. Do you think it was important that the men participating in the experiment were not told whether they were receiving creatine or the placebo? Explain. c. This experiment was not conducted in a double-blind manner. Do you think it would have been a good idea to make this a double-blind experiment? Explain.
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