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Chapter 1: Q 1.8. (page 7)

In Exercises 1.7-1.12, classify each of the studies as either descriptive or inferential. Explain your answers.

Professional Athlete Salaries. From the Statistical Abstract of the United States and the article "Average Salaries in the NBA, NFL, MLB and NHL" by J. Dorish, published on the Yahoo! Contributor Network, we obtained the following data on average professional athletes' salaries for the years 2005 and 2011.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The given study is descriptive.

Step by step solution

01

Step 1. Given information.

The given statement is:

The following data is obtained on average professional athletes' salaries for the years 2005 and 2011.

02

Step 2. Classify the given study as either descriptive or inferential.

The average salary in million dollars of professional players in baseball, basketball, and football for the years 2005 through 2011 are shown in the given table.

To put it another way, the average salaries for various sports have been organized and summarised.

As a result, we can classify the given study as descriptive.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Baseball Scores. From ESPN MLB Scoreboard, we obtained the following major league baseball scores for August 14, 2013. Is this study descriptive or inferential? Explain your answer.

Leisure Activities and Dementia. An article appearing in the Los Angeles Timesdiscussed the study " Leisure Activities and the Risk of Dementia in the Elderly "(New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 348, pp . 2508-2516 ) by J. Verghese et al. The article in the Times, titled "Crosswords Reduce Risk of Dementia," contained the following statement: " Elderly people who frequently read, do crossword puzzles, practice a musical instrument or play board games cut their risk of Alzheimer's and other forms of dementia by nearly two-thirds compared with people who seldom do such activities." Comment on the statement in quotes, keeping in mind the type of study for which causation can be reasonably inferred.

In Exercises 1.17-1.22, state whether the investigation in question is an observational study or a designed experiment. Justify your answer in each case.

Aspirin and Cardiovascular Disease. In the article by P. Ridker et al. titled "A Randomized of Low-dose Aspirin in the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Women" (New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 352, pp. 1293–1304), the researchers noted that "We randomly assigned 39,876 initially healthy women 45 years of age or older to receive 100 mg of aspirin or placebo on alternate days and then monitored them for 10 years for a first major cardiovascular event (i.e., nonfatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, death from cardiovascular causes)."

In Exercises 1.92-1.97, we present descriptions of designed experiments. In each case, identify the

(a) experimental units

(b) response variable

(c) factor (s)

(d) levels of each factor:-

(e) treatments.

The Lion's Mane. In a study by P. M. West titled "The Lion's Mane" ( American Scientist, Vol. 93, No. 3, pp. 226-236), the effects of the mane of a male lion as a signal of quality to mates and rivals was explored. Four life-sized dummies of male lions provided a tool for testing female response to the unfamiliar lions whose manes varied by length (long or short) and color (blonde or dark). The female lions were observed to see whether they approached each of the four life-sized dummies.

Comparing Gas Mileages. An experiment is to be conducted to compare four different brands of gasoline for gas mileage.

(a) Suppose that you randomly divide 24 cars into four groups of 6 cars each and then randomly assign the four groups to the four brands of gasoline, one group per brand. Is this experimental design a completely randomized design or a randomized block design? If it is the latter, what are the blocks?

(b) Suppose, instead, that you use six different models of cars whose varying characteristics (e.g., weight and horsepower) affect gas mileage. Four cars of each model are randomly assigned to the four different brands of gasoline. Is this experimental design a completely randomized design or a randomized block design? If it is the latter, what are the blocks?

(c) Which design is better, the one in part (a) or the one in part (b)? Explain your answer.
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