Chapter 1: Q 1.56. (page 23)
Ideally, in cluster sampling, each cluster should the entire population.
Ideally, in cluster sampling, each cluster should patternthe entire population.
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The inferential procedures discussed in this book are intended for use with only one particular sampling procedure. What sampling procedure is that?
Lobbying Congress. In the special report, "Bitter Pill: Why Medical Bills Are Killing Us" (TIME, Vol. 181, No. 8, 2013), S. Brill presented an in-depth investigation of hospital billing practices that reveals why U.S. health care spending is out of control. One of the many statistics provided in the report is that, during the period from 1998 through 2012, the pharmaceutical and health-care-products industries and organizations representing doctors, hospitals, nursing homes, health services, and HMOs spent \(5.36 billion lobbying Congress.
(a). Under what conditions would the \)5.36 billion lobbying-expenditure figure be a descriptive statistic? Explain your answer.
(b). Under what conditions would the $5.36 billion lobbying- expenditure figure be an inferential statistic? Explain your answer.
Define the following terms:
(a) Observational study
(b) Designed experiment
Comparing Gas Mileages. An experiment is to be conducted to compare four different brands of gasoline for gas mileage.
(a) Suppose that you randomly divide 24 cars into four groups of 6 cars each and then randomly assign the four groups to the four brands of gasoline, one group per brand. Is this experimental design a completely randomized design or a randomized block design? If it is the latter, what are the blocks?
(b) Suppose, instead, that you use six different models of cars whose varying characteristics (e.g., weight and horsepower) affect gas mileage. Four cars of each model are randomly assigned to the four different brands of gasoline. Is this experimental design a completely randomized design or a randomized block design? If it is the latter, what are the blocks?
(c) Which design is better, the one in part (a) or the one in part (b)? Explain your answer.
In sampling, explain why obtaining a representative sample is important.
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