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Chapter 1: Q 1.5. (page 7)

Define the following terms:

(a) Observational study

(b) Designed experiment

Short Answer

Expert verified

Part (a) Researchers observe attributes and take measurements in an observational study with no attempt to influence anything.

Part (b) Researchers impose treatments and controls in a planned experiment, then observe and measure features.

Step by step solution

01

Part (a) Step 1. Given information.

The given term is "Observational study".

We have to define the given term "Observational study ".

02

Part (a) Step 2. Define Observational study.

In an observational study, individuals are examined in a sample to determine the characteristics of a population, but it does not endeavor to modify or influence the variable of interest.

03

Part (b) Step 1. Given information.

The given term is "Designed experiment ".

We have to define the given term "Designed experiment ".

04

Part (b) Step 2. Define Designed experiment.

A designed experiment is one in which a treatment is applied to individuals or experimental units with the purpose of isolating the treatment's influence on a response variable.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

In Exercises 1.92-1.97, we present descriptions of designed experiments. In each case, identify the

(a) experimental units

(b) response variable

(c) factor (s)

(d) levels of each factor:-

(e) treatments.

Highway Signs. A driver's ability to detect highway signs is an important consideration in highway safety. In his dissertation, High way Construction Safety and the Aging Driver, S. Younes investigated the distance at which drivers can first detect highway caution signs. This distance is called the detection distance. Younes analyzed the effect that sign size and sign material have on detection distance. Drivers were randomly assigned to one combination of sign size ( small, medium, and large ), and sign material ( 1, 2, and 3 ). Each driver covered the same stretch of highway at a constant speed during the same time of day, and the detection distance, in feet, was determined for the driver's assigned caution sign.

Identify and explain the significance of the three basic principles of experimental design.

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(a). Use Table I in Appendix A to obtain SRS of size 5 from the population. Start at the two-digit number in line number 15 and column numbers 25-26, read down the column, up the next, and so on.

(b). If you have access to a random-number generator, use it to solve part (a).

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(a). List the 10 possible samples (without replacement) of size 3 that can be obtained from the population of five officials.

(b). If a simple random sampling procedure is used to obtain a sample of three officials, what are the chances that it is the first sample on your list in part (a)? the second sample? the tenth sample?

What are the two major types of statistics? Describe them in detail.
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