Chapter 1: Q 1.35. (page 15)
What is the acronym used for simple random sampling without replacement?
The acronym for simple random sampling without replacement is SRS.
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In a designed experiment, there are two factors, say, Factor Aand Factor B. Factor Ahas three levels, say, ; Factor Bhas four levels, say,.
(a) Construct a schematic for the treatments similar to Table 1.8 on page 27.
(b) Use part ( a ) to determine the number of treatments.
(c) Could you have determined the answer for part ( b ) without constructing the schematic in part ( a )? Explain your answer.
Ghost of Speciation Past. In the article, "Ghost of Speciation Past" (Nature, Vol. 435, pp. 29-31), T. Kocher looked at the origins of a diverse flock of cichlid fishes in the lakes of southeast Africa. Suppose that you wanted to select a sample from the hundreds of species of cichlid fishes that live in the lakes of southeast Africa. If you took a simple random sample from the species of each lake and combined all the simple random samples into one sample, which type of sampling design would you have used? Explain your answer.
Hepatitis B and Pancreatic Cancer.The article "Study Links Hepatitis B and Cancer of Pancreas" by D. Grady, appeared in the September 29, 2008 issue of the New York Times. It reported that, for the first time, a study showed that people with pancreatic cancer are more likely than those without the disease to have been infected with the hepatitis B virus. The study by M. Hassan et al . , titled "Association Between Hepatitis B Virus and Pancreatic Cancer" (Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol. 26, No. 28, pp. 4557-4562) compared 476 people who had pancreatic cancer with 879 healthy control subjects. All were tested to see whether they had ever been infected with the viruses that cause hepatitis B or hepatitis C. The results were that no connection was found to hepatitis C, but the cancer patients were twice as likely as the healthy subjects to have had hepatitis B. The researchers noted, however, that "...while the study showed an association, it did not prove cause and effect. More work is needed to determine whether the virus really can cause pancreatic cancer." Explain the validity of the statement in quotes.
On-Time Airlines. From the FlightStats On-time Performance Report Summary, we found that, in July 2013, the top five North American airlines in terms of percentage of on-time arrivals were Hawaiian (H), Horizon (Z), Compass (C), Alaska (A), and Jazz (J).
(a) List the 10 possible samples ( without replacement ) of size 3 that can be obtained from the population of five airlines. Use the parenthetical abbreviations in your list.
(b) If a simple random sampling procedure is used to obtain a sample of three of these five airlines, what are the chances that it is the first sample on your list in part (a) ? the second sample? the tenth sample?
(c) Describe three methods for obtaining a simple random sample of three of these five airlines.
(d) Use one of the methods that you described in part (c) to obtain a simple random sample of three of these five airlines.
In Exercises 1.7-1.12, classify each of the studies as either descriptive or inferential. Explain your answers.
Drug Use. The U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration collects and publishes data on nonmedical drug use, by type of drug and age group, in National Survey on Drug Use and Health. The following table provides data for the years 2003 and 2008. The percentages shown are estimates for the entire nation based on information obtained from a sample (NA, not available).
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