Chapter 1: Q 1.1. (page 7)
Define the following terms:
(a) Population
(b) Sample
Part (a) Population is defined as the collection of all individuals or items under consideration.
Part (b) A sample is that part of the population from which information is collected.
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Quick Vote. TalkBack Live, a production of CNN, conducted on-line surveys on various issues. One survey, called a QuickVote, of 680 people asked "Would you vote for a third-party candidate?" Of the 680 people surveyed, 608 ( 89.4 % ) responded "yes" and 72 ( 10.6 % ) responded "no." Beneath the vote tally, the following statement regarding the sampling procedure was found:
This QuickVote is not scientific and reflects the opinions of only those Internet users who have chosen to participate. The results cannot be assumed to represent the opinions of Internet users in general, nor the public as a whole. The Quick Vote sponsor is not responsible for content, functionality or the opinions expressed therein.
Discuss the preceding statement in light of what you have learned in this chapter.
What are the two major types of statistics? Describe them in detail.
In a designed experiment, there are two factors, say, Factor Aand Factor B. Factor Ahas three levels, say, ; Factor Bhas four levels, say,.
(a) Construct a schematic for the treatments similar to Table 1.8 on page 27.
(b) Use part ( a ) to determine the number of treatments.
(c) Could you have determined the answer for part ( b ) without constructing the schematic in part ( a )? Explain your answer.
Best-Selling Albums. The Recording Industry Association of America provides data on the best-selling albums of all time. As of May 28, 2013, the top six best-selling albums of all time (U.S. sales only), are by the artists the Eagles (E), Michael Jackson (M), Pink Floyd (P), Led Zeppelin (L), AC/DC (A), and Billy Joel (B).
(a). List the 15 possible samples (without replacement) of two artists that can be selected from the six. For brevity, use the initial provided.
(b). Describe a procedure for taking a simple random sample of two artists from the six.
(c). If a simple random sampling procedure is used to obtain two artists, what are the chances of selecting P and A? M and E?
In Exercises 1.17-1.22, state whether the investigation in question is an observational study or a designed experiment. Justify your answer in each case.
Sex, Sleep, and PTSD. In the article, "One's Sex, Sleep, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder" (Biology of Sex Differences, Vol. 3, No. 29, pp. 1-7), I. Kobayashi et al. study the relationship between one's sex, sleep patterns, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after trauma exposure. The authors report that women have a higher lifetime prevalence of PTSD as well as a greater risk of developing PTSD following trauma exposure. Relationships between sleep and physical health have been documented in a number of studies, and the authors explore the possibility that disruptive sleep habits are common among people with PTSD and also a possible risk factor for the development of PTSD. A questionnaire of men and women with and without PTSD produced data on their sleep habits.
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