Chapter 4: Q2 (page 143)
Probability Rewrite the following statement so that the likelihood of rain is expressed as a value between 0 and 1: “The probability of rain today is 25%.”
The probability of rain (between 0 and 1) is 0.25.
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In Exercises 25–32, find the probability and answer the questions. YSORT Gender Selection MicroSort’s YSORT gender selection technique is designed to increase the likelihood that a baby will be a boy. At one point before clinical trials of the YSORT gender selection technique were discontinued, 291 births consisted of 239 baby boys and 52 baby girls (based on data from the Genetics & IVF Institute). Based on these results, what is the probability of a boy born to a couple using MicroSort’s YSORT method? Does it appear that the technique is effective in increasing the likelihood that a baby will be a boy?
Penicillin “Who discovered penicillin: Sean Penn, William Penn, Penn Jillette, Alexander Fleming, or Louis Pasteur?” If you make a random guess for the answer to that question, what is the probability that your answer is the correct answer of Alexander Fleming?
Odds. In Exercises 41–44, answer the given questions that involve odds.
Relative Risk and Odds Ratio In a clinical trial of 2103 subjects treated with Nasonex, 26 reported headaches. In a control group of 1671 subjects given a placebo, 22 reported headaches. Denoting the proportion of headaches in the treatment group by
The relative risk and odds ratios are commonly used in medicine and epidemiological studies. Find the relative risk and odds ratio for the headache data. What do the results suggest about the risk of a headache from the Nasonex treatment?
In Exercises 25–32, find the probability and answer the questions. Mendelian Genetics When Mendel conducted his famous genetics experiments with peas, one sample of offspring consisted of 428 green peas and 152 yellow peas. Based on those results, estimate the probability of getting an offspring pea that is green. Is the result reasonably close to the expected value of 3/4, as Mendel claimed?
Probability from a Sample Space. In Exercises 33–36, use the given sample space or construct the required sample space to find the indicated probability.
Three Children Using the same sample space and assumption from Exercise 33, find the probability that when a couple has three children, there are exactly two girls.
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