Chapter 4: Q11 (page 179)
Black Cars Use subjective probability to estimate the probability of randomly selecting a car and getting one that is black.
The estimated probability value that the randomly selected car is black is between 0.10 and 0.30.
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At Least One. In Exercises 5–12, find the probability.
Three Girls Find the probability that when a couple has three children, at least one of them is a girl. (Assume that boys and girls are equally likely.)
Complements and the Addition Rule Refer to the table used for Exercises 9–20. Assume that one order is randomly selected. Let A represent the event of getting an order from McDonald’s and let B represent the event of getting an order from Burger King. Find , find , and then compare the results. In general, does = ?
In Exercises 21–24, refer to the sample data in Table 4-1, which is included with the Chapter Problem. Assume that 1 of the 555 subjects included in Table 4-1 is randomly selected.
Positive Test Result (Test shows drug use) | Negative Test Result (Test shows no drug use) | |
Subject Uses Drugs | 45 (True Positive) | 5 (False Negative) |
Subject Does Not Use drugs | 25 (False Positive) | 480 (True Negative) |
Drug Testing Job Applicants Find the probability of selecting someone who uses drugs. Does the result appear to be reasonable as an estimate of the “prevalence rate” described in the Chapter Problem?
In Exercises 9–20, use the data in the following table, which lists drive-thru order accuracy at popular fast food chains (data from a QSR Drive-Thru Study). Assume that orders are randomly selected from those included in the table.
McDonald’s | Burger King | Wendy’s | Taco Bell | |
Order Accurate | 329 | 264 | 249 | 145 |
OrderNotAccurate | 33 | 54 | 31 | 13 |
Fast Food Drive-Thru Accuracy If one order is selected, find the probability of getting an order from McDonald’s or an order that is accurate. Are the events of selecting an order from McDonald’s and selecting an accurate order disjoint events?
Acceptance Sampling. With one method of a procedure called acceptance sampling, a sample of items is randomly selected without replacement and the entire batch is accepted if every item in the sample is found to be okay. Exercises 27 and 28 involve acceptance sampling.
Something Fishy: The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) inspects seafood that is to be consumed. The inspection process involves selecting seafood samples from a larger “lot.” Assume a lot contains 2875 seafood containers and 288 of these containers include seafood that does not meet inspection requirements. What is the probability that 3 selected container samples all meet requirements and the entire lot is accepted based on this sample? Does this probability seem adequate?
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