Chapter 4: Q1 (page 166)
Language: Complement of “At Least One” Let A = the event of getting at least one defective iPhone when 3 iPhones are randomly selected with replacement from a batch. Write a statement describing event.
is the event of getting no defective iPhone out of the three selected iPhones.
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Surge Protectors Refer to the accompanying figure showing surge protectors p and q used to protect an expensive television. If there is a surge in the voltage, the surge protector reduces it to a safe level. Assume that each surge protector has a 0.985 probability of working correctly when a voltage surge occurs.
a. If the two surge protectors are arranged in series, what is the probability that a voltage surge will not damage the television? (Do not round the answer.)
b. If the two surge protectors are arranged in parallel, what is the probability that a voltage surge will not damage the television? (Do not round the answer.)
c. Which arrangement should be used for better protection?
Using Probability to Form Conclusions. In Exercises 37–40, use the given probability value to determine whether the sample results could easily occur by chance, then form a conclusion.
Coffee Talk A study on the enhancing effect of coffee on long-term memory found that 35 participants given 200 mg of caffeine performed better on a memory test 24 hours later compared to the placebo group that received no caffeine.
a. There was a probability of 0.049 that the difference between the coffee group and the placebo group was due to chance. What do you conclude?
b. A group given a higher dose of 300 mg performed better than the 200 mg group, with a probability of 0.75 that this difference is due to chance. What do you conclude?
In Exercises 25–32, find the probability and answer the questions.. Car Rollovers In a recent year in the United States, 83,600 passenger cars rolled over when they crashed, and 5,127,400 passenger cars did not roll over when they crashed. Find the probability that a randomly selected passenger car crash results in a rollover. Is it unlikely for a car to roll over in a crash?
In Exercises 9–20, use the data in the following table, which lists drive-thru order accuracy at popular fast food chains (data from a QSR Drive-Thru Study). Assume that orders are randomly selected from those included in the table.
McDonald’s | Burger King | Wendy’s | Taco Bell | |
Order Accurate | 329 | 264 | 249 | 145 |
OrderNotAccurate | 33 | 54 | 31 | 13 |
Fast Food Drive-Thru Accuracy If one order is selected, find the probability of getting an order from McDonald’s or Wendy’s or an order that is not accurate.
Penicillin “Who discovered penicillin: Sean Penn, William Penn, Penn Jillette, Alexander Fleming, or Louis Pasteur?” If you make a random guess for the answer to that question, what is the probability that your answer is the correct answer of Alexander Fleming?
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