Chapter 1: Q3-2BSC (page 1)
Blinding What does it mean when we say that the study cited in Exercise 1 was “double blind”?
Double blind means neither the patients nor the doctors were aware of the treatment given to each of the patients.
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Statistical Significance and Practical Significance. In Exercises 13–16, determine whether the results appear to have statistical significance, and also determine whether the results appear to have practical significance.
MCAT The Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT) is commonly used as part of the decision-making process for determining which students to accept into medical schools. To test the effectiveness of the Siena MCAT preparation course, 16 students take the MCAT test, then they complete the preparatory course, and then they retake the MCAT test, with the result that the average (mean) score for this group rises from 25 to 30. There is a 0.3% chance of getting those results by chance. Does the course appear to be effective?
Statistical Significance and Practical Significance. In Exercises 13–16, determine whether the results appear to have statistical significance, and also determine whether the results appear to have practical significance.
Gender Selection In a study of the Gender Aide method of gender selection used to increase the likelihood of a baby being born a girl, 2000 users of the method gave birth to 980 boys and 1020 girls. There is about a 19% chance of getting that many girls if the method had no effect.
Determine whether the given source has the potential to create a bias in a statistical study.
Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine. The Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine tends to oppose the use of meat and dairy products in our diets and that organization has received hundreds of thousands of dollars in funding from the Foundation to Support Animal Protection.
In Exercises 29–36, answer the given questions, which are related to percentages.
Chillax USA Today reported results from a Research Now for Keurig survey in which 1458 men and 1543 women were asked this: “In a typical week, how often can you kick back and relax?”
a. Among the women, 19% responded with “rarely, if ever.” What is the exact value that is 19% of the number of women surveyed?
b. Could the result from part (a) be the actual number of women who responded with “rarely, if ever”? Why or why not?
c. What is the actual number of women who responded with “rarely, if ever”?
d. Among the men who responded, 219 responded with “rarely, if ever.” What is the percentage of men who responded with “rarely, if ever.”?
e. Consider the question that the subjects were asked. Is that question clear and unambiguous so that all respondents will interpret the question the same way? How might the survey be improved?
Statistical Significance and Practical Significance. In Exercises 13–16, determine whether the results appear to have statistical significance, and also determine whether the results appear to have practical significance.
Diet and Exercise Program In a study of the Kingman diet and exercise program, 40 subjects lost an average of 22 pounds. There is about a 1% chance of getting such results with a program that has no effect
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