Chapter 1: Q26 (page 11)
What’s Wrong? In Exercises 25–28, identify what is wrong.
Healthy Water In a USA Today online poll, 951 Internet users chose to respond, and 57% of them said that they prefer drinking bottled water instead of tap water.
The samples are collected through voluntary response sampling.
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In Exercises 21–24, refer to the data in the table below. The entries are white blood cell counts (1000 cells,ML) and red blood cell counts (million cells,ML) from male subjects examined as part of a large health study conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics. The data are matched, so that the first subject has a white blood cell count of 8.7 and a red blood cell count of 4.91, and so on.
Subject
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
| White | 8.7 | 5.9 | 7.3 | 6.2 | 5.9 |
| Red | 4.91 | 5.59 | 4.44 | 4.8 | 5.17 |
Conclusion: If we analyze the sample data and conclude that there is a correlation between white blood cell counts and red blood cell counts, does it follow that higher white blood cell counts are the cause of higher red blood cell counts?
In Exercises 9–12, determine whether the sampling method appears to be sound or is flawed.
Credit Card Payments In an AARP, Inc. survey of 1019 randomly selected adults, each was asked how much credit card debt he or she pays off each month.
In Exercises 17–20, refer to the sample of body temperatures (degrees Fahrenheit) in the table below. (The body temperatures are from a data set in Appendix B.).
Subject
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
| 8 AM | 97 | 98.5 | 97.6 | 97.7 | 98.7 |
| 12 AM | 97.6 | 97.8 | 98 | 98.4 | 98.4 |
Conclusion If we analyze the listed body temperatures with suitable methods of statistics, we conclude that when the differences are found between the 8 AM body temperatures and the 12 AM body temperatures, there is a 64% chance that the differences can be explained by random results obtained from populations that have the same 8 AM and 12 AM body temperatures. What should we conclude about the statistical significance of those differences?
In Exercises 29–36, answer the given questions, which are related to percentages.
Percentages in Advertising Continental Airlines ran ads claiming that lost baggage is “an area where we’ve already improved 100% in the past six months.” What is wrong with this statement?
In Exercises 21–24, refer to the data in the table below. The entries are white blood cell counts (1000 cells,ML) and red blood cell counts (million cells,ML) from male subjects examined as part of a large health study conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics. The data are matched, so that the first subject has a white blood cell count of 8.7 and a red blood cell count of 4.91, and so on.
Conclusion: If we analyze the sample data and conclude that there is a correlation between white blood cell counts and red blood cell counts, does it follow that higher white blood cell counts are the cause of higher red blood cell counts?
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