Chapter 9: Q3BSC (page 414)
Units of MeasureIf the values listed in Exercise 2 are changed so that they are expressed in Celsius degrees instead of Fahrenheit degrees, how are hypothesis test results affected?
Hypothesis test results are not affected by a change in the unit of measurement.
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Braking Reaction Times: Histogram Listed below are sorted braking reaction times (in 1>10,000 sec) for male and female subjects (based on data from the RT-2S Brake Reaction Time Tester). Construct a histogram for the reaction times of males. Use a class width of 8 and use 28 as the lower limit of the first class. For the horizontal axis, use class midpoint values. Does it appear that the data are from a population with a normal distribution?
Males | 28 | 30 | 31 | 34 | 34 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 41 | 41 | 41 |
42 | 42 | 44 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 48 | 49 | 51 | 53 | 54 | 54 | 56 | 57 | 60 | 61 | 61 | 63 | |
Females | 22 | 24 | 34 | 36 | 36 | 37 | 39 | 41 | 41 | 43 | 43 | 45 | 45 | 47 | 53 | 54 | 54 | 55 |
56 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 58 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 66 | 67 | 68 | 71 | 72 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 |
Testing Claims About Proportions. In Exercises 7–22, test the given claim. Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic, P-value or critical value(s), then state the conclusion about the null hypothesis, as well as the final conclusion that addresses the original claim.
Smoking Cessation Programs Among 198 smokers who underwent a “sustained care” program, 51 were no longer smoking after six months. Among 199 smokers who underwent a “standard care” program, 30 were no longer smoking after six months (based on data from “Sustained Care Intervention and Postdischarge Smoking Cessation Among Hospitalized Adults,” by Rigotti et al., Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 312, No. 7). We want to use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that the rate of success for smoking cessation is greater with the sustained care program.
a. Test the claim using a hypothesis test.
b. Test the claim by constructing an appropriate confidence interval.
c. Does the difference between the two programs have practical significance?
Equivalence of Hypothesis Test and Confidence Interval Two different simple random samples are drawn from two different populations. The first sample consists of 20 people with 10 having a common attribute. The second sample consists of 2000 people with 1404 of them having the same common attribute. Compare the results from a hypothesis test of (with a 0.05 significance level) and a 95% confidence interval estimate of.
A sample size that will ensure a margin of error of at most the one specified.
Testing Claims About Proportions. In Exercises 7–22, test the given claim. Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic, P-value or critical value(s), then state the conclusion about the null hypothesis, as well as the final conclusion that addresses the original claim.
Cell Phones and Handedness A study was conducted to investigate the association between cell phone use and hemispheric brain dominance. Among 216 subjects who prefer to use their left ear for cell phones, 166 were right-handed. Among 452 subjects who prefer to use their right ear for cell phones, 436 were right-handed (based on data from “Hemi- spheric Dominance and Cell Phone Use,” by Seidman et al., JAMA Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, Vol. 139, No. 5). We want to use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that the rate of right-handedness for those who prefer to use their left ear for cell phones is less than the rate of right-handedness for those who prefer to use their right ear for cell phones. (Try not to get too confused here.)
a. Test the claim using a hypothesis test.
b. Test the claim by constructing an appropriate confidence interval.
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