Chapter 8: Q. 20 (page 392)
Assess the evidence against the null hypothesis if the value of the hypothesis test is .
The given statement is reasonable.
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In Exercises 1–4, use these results from a USA Today survey in which 510 people chose to respond to this question that was posted on the USA Today website: “Should Americans replace passwords with biometric security (fingerprints, etc)?” Among the respondents, 53% said “yes.” We want to test the claim that more than half of the population believes that passwords should be replaced with biometric security.
Equivalence of Methods If we use the same significance level to conduct the hypothesis test using the P-value method, the critical value method, and a confidence interval, which method is not equivalent to the other two?
Final Conclusions. In Exercises 25–28, use a significance level of = 0.05 and use the given information for the following:
a. State a conclusion about the null hypothesis. (Reject or fail to reject .)
b. Without using technical terms or symbols, state a final conclusion that addresses the original claim.
Original claim: The standard deviation of pulse rates of adult males is more than 11 bpm. The hypothesis test results in a P-value of 0.3045.
In Exercises 9–12, refer to the exercise identified. Make subjective estimates to decide whether results are significantly low or significantly high, then state a conclusion about the original claim. For example, if the claim is that a coin favours heads and sample results consist of 11 heads in 20 flips, conclude that there is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that the coin favours heads (because it is easy to get 11 heads in 20 flips by chance with a fair coin).
Exercise 6 “Cell Phone”
Testing Hypotheses. In Exercises 13–24, assume that a simple random sample has been selected and test the given claim. Unless specified by your instructor, use either the P-value method or the critical value method for testing hypotheses. Identify the null and alternative hypotheses, test statistic, P-value (or range of P-values), or critical value(s), and state the final conclusion that addresses the original claim.
Got a Minute? Students of the author estimated the length of one minute without reference to a watch or clock, and the times (seconds) are listed below. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that these times are from a population with a mean equal to 60 seconds. Does it appear that students are reasonably good at estimating one minute?
69 81 39 65 42 21 60 63 66 48 64 70 96 91 65
Type I and Type II Errors. In Exercises 29–32, provide statements that identify the type I error and the type II error that correspond to the given claim. (Although conclusions are usually expressed in verbal form, the answers here can be expressed with statements that include symbolic expressions such as p = 0.1.).
The proportion of people who require no vision correction is less than 0.25.
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