Chapter 8: Q. 19 (page 392)
State the general steps of thevalue approach to hypothesis testing.
The general steps of thevalue approach to hypothesis testing has been mentioned below.
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Testing Claims About Proportions. In Exercises 9–32, test the given claim. Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic, P-value, or critical value(s), then state the conclusion about the null hypothesis, as well as the final conclusion that addresses the original claim. Use the P-value method unless your instructor specifies otherwise. Use the normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution, as described in Part 1 of this section.
Births A random sample of 860 births in New York State included 426 boys. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that 51.2% of newborn babies are boys. Do the results support the belief that 51.2% of newborn babies are boys?
Testing Claims About Proportions. In Exercises 9–32, test the given claim. Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic, P-value, or critical value(s), then state the conclusion about the null hypothesis, as well as the final conclusion that addresses the original claim. Use the P-value method unless your instructor specifies otherwise. Use the normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution, as described in Part 1 of this section.
Store Checkout-Scanner Accuracy In a study of store checkout-scanners, 1234 items were checked for pricing accuracy; 20 checked items were found to be overcharges, and 1214 checked items were not overcharges (based on data from “UPC Scanner Pricing Systems: Are They Accurate?” by Goodstein, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 58). Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that with scanners, 1% of sales are overcharges. (Before scanners were used, the overcharge rate was estimated to be about 1%.) Based on these results, do scanners appear to help consumers avoid overcharges?
In Exercises 9–12, refer to the exercise identified. Make subjective estimates to decide whether results are significantly low or significantly high, then state a conclusion about the original claim. For example, if the claim is that a coin favours heads and sample results consist of 11 heads in 20 flips, conclude that there is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that the coin favours heads (because it is easy to get 11 heads in 20 flips by chance with a fair coin).
Exercise 5 “Online Data”
Finding P-values. In Exercises 5–8, either use technology to find the P-value or use Table A-3 to find a range of values for the P-value.
Airport Data Speeds: The claim that for Verizon data speeds at airports, the mean. The sample size is and the test statistic is
t =-1.625 .
Technology. In Exercises 9–12, test the given claim by using the display provided from technology. Use a 0.05 significance level. Identify the null and alternative hypotheses, test statistic, P-value (or range of P-values), or critical value(s), and state the final conclusion that addresses the original claim.
Tornadoes Data Set 22 “Tornadoes” in Appendix B includes data from 500 random tornadoes. The accompanying StatCrunch display results from using the tornado lengths (miles) to test the claim that the mean tornado length is greater than 2.5 miles.
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