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Cybersecurity What do the results from the preceding exercises suggest about the possibility that the computer has been hacked? Is there any corrective action that should be taken?

Short Answer

Expert verified

Yes, there is a possibility that the computer has been hacked and there is a need for corrective action to be taken.

Step by step solution

01

Given information

The expected frequencies of the leading digits of inter-arrival traffic times are tabulated using Benford’s Law whereas the observed frequencies are obtained using a computer.

02

Necessary action

Referring to Exercise 3 of section 11-1,it has been concluded that the leading digits do not have a distribution that fits well with Benford’s law.

This means that the computer is not generating accurate results.

This implies that the computer might have been hacked.

If the computer has been jacked, corrective action is necessary to improve its performance in the future.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Weather-Related Deaths Review Exercise 5 involved weather-related U.S. deaths. Among the 450 deaths included in that exercise, 320 are males. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that among those who die in weather-related deaths, the percentage of males is equal to 50%. Provide an explanation for the results.

American Idol Contestants on the TV show American Idol competed to win a singing contest. At one point, the website WhatNotToSing.com listed the actual numbers of eliminations for different orders of singing, and the expected number of eliminations was also listed. The results are in the table below. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the actual eliminations agree with the expected numbers. Does there appear to be support for the claim that the leadoff singers appear to be at a disadvantage?

Singing Order

1

2

3

4

5

6

7–12

Actual Eliminations

20

12

9

8

6

5

9

Expected Eliminations

12.9

12.9

9.9

7.9

6.4

5.5

13.5

Exercises 1–5 refer to the sample data in the following table, which summarizes the last digits of the heights (cm) of 300 randomly selected subjects (from Data Set 1 “Body Data” in Appendix B). Assume that we want to use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the data are from a population having the property that the last digits are all equally likely.

Last Digit

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Frequency

30

35

24

25

35

36

37

27

27

24

Is the hypothesis test left-tailed, right-tailed, or two-tailed?

The accompanying table is from a study conducted

with the stated objective of addressing cell phone safety by understanding why we use a particular ear for cell phone use. (See “Hemispheric Dominance and Cell Phone Use,” by Seidman, Siegel, Shah, and Bowyer, JAMA Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery,Vol. 139, No. 5.)

The goal was to determine whether the ear choice is associated with auditory or language brain hemispheric dominance. Assume that we want to test the claim that handedness and cell phone ear preference are independent of each other.

a. Use the data in the table to find the expected value for the cell that has an observed frequency of 3. Round the result to three decimal places.

b. What does the expected value indicate about the requirements for the hypothesis test?

Right Ear

Left Ear

No Preference

Right-Handed

436

166

40

Left-Handed

16

50

3

Police Calls The police department in Madison, Connecticut, released the following numbers of calls for the different days of the week during February that had 28 days: Monday (114); Tuesday (152); Wednesday (160); Thursday (164); Friday (179); Saturday (196); Sunday (130). Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that the different days of the week have the same frequencies of police calls. Is there anything notable about the observed frequencies?

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