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Give a combinatorial interpretation of the coefficient of x4 in the expansion 1+x+x2+x3+3. Use this interpretation to find this number.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The combinatorial interpretation of the coefficient of x4 is 15.

Step by step solution

01

Use Permutation and Combination:

Permutation:

No repetition allowed:P(n,r)=n!(n-r)!

Repetition allowed:nr

Combination:

No repetition allowed:

C(n,r)=(nr)=n!r!(n-r)!

Repetition allowed: C(n+r-1,r)=(n+r-1)!r!(n-1)!with n!=n·(n-1)··2·1

02

The expression is given by:

1+x+x2+x3+3

I will use the interpretation used in exercise 13: The number of different ways to give localid="1668661219427" ridentical balloons tolocalid="1668661227577" nchildren where each child receives ... balloons.

n=3r=4

Since the sum 1+x+x2+x3+contains all possible powers of x, there is no restriction on the number of balloons that each child has to receive.

The number of different ways to give 4 identical balloons to 3 children is represented by the given expansion.

The order of the balloons is not important.

Thus, by using the combination, repetition of the same children is also allowed:

C(3+4-1,4)=C(6,4)=6!4!2!=15

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Find the coefficient of \({x^{10}}\) in the power series of each of these functions.

a) \({\left( {1 + {x^5} + {x^{10}} + {x^{15}} + \cdots } \right)^3}\)

b) \({\left( {{x^3} + {x^4} + {x^5} + {x^6} + {x^7} + \cdots } \right)^3}\)

c) \(\left( {{x^4} + {x^5} + {x^6}} \right)\left( {{x^3} + {x^4} + {x^5} + {x^6} + {x^7}} \right)(1 + x + \left. {{x^2} + {x^3} + {x^4} + \cdots } \right)\)

d) \(\left( {{x^2} + {x^4} + {x^6} + {x^8} + \cdots } \right)\left( {{x^3} + {x^6} + {x^9} + } \right. \cdots \left( {{x^4} + {x^8} + {x^{12}} + \cdots } \right)\)

e) \(\left( {1 + {x^2} + {x^4} + {x^6} + {x^8} + \cdots } \right)\left( {1 + {x^4} + {x^8} + {x^{12}} + } \right. \cdots )\left( {1 + {x^6} + {x^{12}} + {x^{18}} + \cdots } \right)\)

Find the solutions of the simultaneous system of recurrence relations,

an=an-1+bn-1bn=an-1-bn-1a0=1b0=2

If G(x)is the generating function for the sequence{ak}, what is the generating function for each of these sequences?

a)2a0,2a1,2a2,2a3,

b) 0,a0,a1,a2,a3,(Assuming that terms follow the pattern of all but the first term)

c) 0,0,0,0,a2,a3,(Assuming that terms follow the pattern of all but the first four terms)

d)a2,a3,a4,

e) a1,2a2,3a3,4a4,[Hint: Calculus required here.]

f)a02,2a0a1,a12+2a0a2,2a0a3+2a1a2,2a0a4+2a1a3+a22,

Find the generating function for the finite sequence2,2,2,2,2 .

Find a closed form for the generating function for the sequence\(\left\{ {{a_n}} \right\}\), where,

a) \({a_n} = 5\) for all\(n = 0,1,2, \ldots \).

b) \({a_n} = {3^n}\)for all\(n = 0,1,2, \ldots \)

c) \({a_n} = 2\)for\(n = 3,4,5, \ldots \)and\({a_0} = {a_1} = {a_2} = 0\).

d) \({a_n} = 2n + 3\)for all\(n = 0,1,2, \ldots \)

e) \({a_n} = \left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{l}}8\\n\end{array}} \right)\)for all\(n = 0,1,2, \ldots \)

f) \({a_n} = \left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{n + 4}\\n\end{array}} \right)\)for all\(n = 0,1,2, \ldots \)

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