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Let akbe a sequence of positive terms. Prove Theorem 7.6 (b) along with the following variations:

(a) Show that when ak+1ak1≥ 1 for every k ≥ 1, the sequence is increasing.

(b) Show that when localid="1649277252156" ak+1ak>1for every k ≥ 1, the sequence is strictly increasing.

(c) Show that when localid="1649277261045" ak+1ak1for every k ≥ 1, the sequence is decreasing.

(d) Show that when localid="1649277269413" ak+1ak<1for every k ≥ 1, the sequence is strictly decreasing.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Proved.

Step by step solution

01

Step 1. Given

Let akbe a sequence of positive terms.

02

Part (a) Step 2. Explanation

Since,ak+1ak1,nowallthetermsofthesequencearepositive,thereforeakisalsopositive.Now,multiplytheinequalityak+1ak1withak.Thesignoftheinequalitywillnotchangeasakispositive.Now,ak+1ak(ak)(ak)ak+1akfork1Hence,bedefinitionthesequenceisincreasingsequence.

03

Part (b) Step 3. Explanation

Since,ak+1ak>1,nowallthetermsofthesequencearepositive,thereforeakisalsopositive.Now,multiplytheinequalityak+1ak>1withak.Thesignoftheinequalitywillnotchangeasakispositive.Now,ak+1ak(ak)>(ak)ak+1>akfork1Hence,bedefinitionthesequenceisStrictlyincreasingsequence.

04

Part(c) Step 4. Explanation

Since,ak+1ak1,nowallthetermsofthesequencearepositive,thereforeakisalsopositive.Now,multiplytheinequalityak+1ak1withak.Thesignoftheinequalitywillnotchangeasakispositive.Now,ak+1ak(ak)(ak)ak+1akfork1Hence,bedefinitionthesequenceisdecreasingsequence.

05

Part (d) Step 5. Explanation

Since,ak+1ak<1,nowallthetermsofthesequencearepositive,thereforeakisalsopositive.Now,multiplytheinequalityak+1ak<1withak.Thesignoftheinequalitywillnotchangeasakispositive.Now,ak+1ak(ak)<(ak)ak+1<akfork1Hence,bedefinitionthesequenceisstrictlydecreasingsequence.

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