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A set of points in the \(x y\) -plane is the graph of a function if and only if every ________ line intersects the graph in at most one point

Short Answer

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vertical

Step by step solution

01

Understand the concept of a function

A function is a relation where each input (usually on the x-axis) corresponds to exactly one output (usually on the y-axis). This means that for each value of x, there must be a single corresponding value of y.
02

Analyze the behavior of vertical lines

Consider any vertical line, which is defined by the equation x = c, where c is a constant. A vertical line intersects the x-axis at a single point and goes infinitely in the positive and negative y-directions.
03

Apply the Vertical Line Test

The Vertical Line Test states that a set of points in the xy-plane defines a function if and only if no vertical line intersects the graph at more than one point. This means that for every x-value, there is only one y-value corresponding to it.
04

Conclusion

Therefore, the blank in the statement can be filled with 'vertical'. A set of points is the graph of a function if and only if every vertical line intersects the graph in at most one point.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

function definition
A function is a special type of relation in mathematics. It connects each input to exactly one output.

Imagine you have a vending machine where you input money (x-value) and receive a snack (y-value) in return. If the machine gives you exactly one snack for each amount of money, it works like a function.

This concept is fundamental because it ensures consistency. In other words, each time you input the same amount of money, you should get the same snack.

The formal way to express this is with the notation: f(x), where f represents the function, and x is the input.

For every specific x, there is a unique f(x) or y value. For instance, if f(x) = 2x + 3, then f(2) = 2(2) + 3 = 7.

This uniqueness is what makes a relation a function.
vertical line
A vertical line is a straight line that runs up and down the Cartesian plane, parallel to the y-axis.

It is essential in the context of functions. The equation of a vertical line can be written as x = c, where c is a constant.

This means that the x-value remains the same while the y-value can change freely. Imagine holding a ruler vertically over a graph, the ruler will represent a vertical line.

Any vertical line intersects the x-axis at exactly one point. This property is crucial for explaining the Vertical Line Test, which helps us determine if a graph represents a function.
graph of a function
The graph of a function is a visual representation of all the possible inputs and their corresponding outputs.

When you plot a function on the xy-plane, you draw a point for each input-output pair (x, y).

For the graph to represent a function, it must pass the Vertical Line Test.

This means that if you draw any vertical line on the graph, it should intersect the graph at no more than one point.

If a vertical line intersects the graph at more than one point, it indicates multiple outputs for a single input, which violates the definition of a function.

The Vertical Line Test is a simple but powerful tool to visually confirm the consistency required in a function.

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