Question

Name the following form of the equation of a line: \(y=m x+b\).

Short answer

The form of the given equation \(y=m x+b\) is known as the slope-intercept form.

Step-by-step solution

Identify the Form of the Equation

The given equation is \(y=m x+b\), where 'm' represents the slope of the line and 'b' represents the y-intercept. This is the standard form of a linear equation in two variables.

Key concepts

Understanding the Slope-Intercept Form

The slope-intercept form is a straightforward way to write the equation of a straight line. It is given by the equation \( y = mx + b \), where \( m \) and \( b \) have specific roles. The letter \( m \) stands for the slope of the line, which measures the steepness or incline. It signifies how much \( y \) changes for a unit change in \( x \). The letter \( b \) indicates the y-intercept, which is the point where the line crosses the y-axis.

When looking at a graph, if you see a line going upwards from left to right, it has a positive slope, and if it's going downwards, the slope is negative. If the line is horizontal, the slope is zero, which means there is no change in \( y \) as \( x \) changes. A vertical line, however, does not have a slope in the traditional sense, as it would require division by zero, making the slope undefined.

Understanding this form is crucial for graphing linear equations and interpreting the rate of change and the initial value of datasets in various fields like physics and economics.

The Y-Intercept: Where the Line Meets the Y-Axis

In the context of linear equations, the y-intercept is the value of \( y \) when \( x \) is equal to zero. It is represented by the \( b \) in the slope-intercept form \( y = mx + b \). This term is crucial because it gives us a starting point for drawing the line on a graph. Imagine plotting a graph without knowing where to begin; it would be quite a challenge! The y-intercept is that starting point on the y-axis.

To find it, you do not need to do much calculation if your equation is already in the slope-intercept form. The y-intercept is simply the constant term, or \( b \), in the equation. For example, if we have an equation \( y = 2x + 3 \), the y-intercept is 3. This means that our line will cross the y-axis at point \( (0, 3) \). Just by knowing the y-intercept, you have your first coordinate for plotting the line.

Slope of a Line: Measuring the Incline

The slope of a line is a measure that represents how tilted the line is compared to the horizontal axis. In the equation \( y = mx + b \), the slope is denoted as \( m \). It tells us how much \( y \) increases or decreases as \( x \) increases by one unit. Specifically, it is the ratio of the vertical change between two points on the line (the rise) to the horizontal change between the same two points (the run).

A positive slope means that as \( x \) increases, \( y \) also increases, resulting in an upward tilting line. Conversely, a negative slope means that as \( x \) increases, \( y \) decreases, and the line tilts downward. If the slope is zero, the line is horizontal. Consider the equation \( y = -4x + 2 \); here, the slope is -4, indicating that for every one unit that \( x \) increases, \( y \) will decrease by four units. Thus, the slope gives us vital information about the direction and steepness of the line.