Problem 1
Place the following four materials-maple syrup, milk, peanut butter, frozen yogurt-in the correct positions (A, B, C, D) for their relative viscosity.
Problem 2
How would the viscosity of motor oil in your car's engine change from the time you turn the key in the ignition to when you have driven 50 kilometers ( 30 miles)? Explain the reasoning behind your choice. a) Viscosity would increase. b) Viscosity would decrease. c) Viscosity would stay the same.
Problem 9
Predict the type of magma associated with Mount St. Helens. a) Andesitic b) Basaltic c) Rhyolitic
Problem 12
Examine the following descriptions to compare the actions of scientists, government agencies, businesses, and the general public in the weeks preceding the eruption of Mount St. Helens. Then answer these questions: \- How did the different constituencies perceive the threat of an eruption? Create a diagram that illustrates how the different constituencies perceived the threat from the volcano over the 2 -month period from March 20 to May \(18 .\) \- What do you think would have happened if the main eruption had not occurred for another 2 months? Keep in mind that the job description of USGS scientists prevents them from recommending specific actions to lessen risk but requires them to focus on assessing natural processes and forecasting geologic scenarios. Local, regional, and federal governments are responsible for instituting measures to protect populations and structures, while taking into account cultural and social factors.
Problem 14
Use the Venn diagram provided here to compare and contrast the eruptions of Nyiragongo and Mount St. Helens. Write the numbers corresponding to features unique to either group in the larger areas of the left and right circles; note features they share in the overlap area in the center of the image. 1\. Located near a convergent plate boundary. 2\. Located near an early-stage divergent plate boundary. 3\. Produced significant lava flows. 4\. Eruption followed a century of inactivity. 5\. Several eruptions in the last century. 6\. Few monitoring instruments prior to unrest. 7\. Volcanic gases released prior to main eruption. 8\. Frequent earthquakes associated with unrest. 9\. Unrest lasted for approximately 2 months before eruption. 10\. Eruption occurred in daylight. 11\. Volcano located within 20 kilometers (12 miles) of large city. 12\. Volcanic activity subsided after about 1 week. 13\. Low-viscosity magma. 14\. USGS geologists aided in interpretation of volcanic activity. 15\. Death toll less than 100 . 16\. Death toll more than 100 . 17\. Shape of volcano changed prior to eruption. 18\. Eruption characterized by a massive lateral blast.
Problem 15
Compare and contrast the consequences of a major earthquake and a volcanic eruption with a VEI of 5 . Imagine that you were mayor of a city located within 30 kilometers ( 19 miles) of the epicenter of the earthquake or the vent of the volcano and that you had evacuated the residents prior to the earthquake or eruption. Which aftermath would you prefer to deal with and why?
Problem 17
What type of volcano is Mount St. Helens? a) Shield volcano b) Stratovolcano c) Cinder cone
Problem 20
Create a concept map that relates the types of volcanic landforms with their magma composition and plate tectonic setting.
Problem 21
Which mountain range contains the higher peaks? a) Appalachian Mountains, North Carolina b) Rocky Mountains, Colorado
Problem 22
Suggest an explanation for why the tallest mountain in Australia (Kosciusko; 2,228 meters, 7,310 feet) is not even one-half as high as the tallest peaks on the other continents.
