Understanding minerals is fundamental in earth sciences. A mineral is characterized as a naturally occurring inorganic solid, which means it comes from non-living processes and doesn't contain any organic materials. It has a unique crystalline structure, forming a pattern that repeats itself in all directions. Moreover, each mineral has a distinct chemical composition that doesn't vary greatly. These features distinguish minerals from other natural substances and are critical in identifying them.
Because minerals have a consistent composition, they are utilized in various industries, including construction, where their specific characteristics, like hardness or color, are essential for the application. Minerals are also gauged for their economic value, making them a significant resource for many economies around the world.