Problem 3
Describe one way in which changes in the biosphere can cause changes in the climate system. Next, suggest one way in which the biosphere is affected by changes in some other part of the climate system. Finally, indicate one way in which the biosphere records changes in the climate system.
Problem 5
Volcanic events, such as the eruptions of El Chichón and Mount Pinatubo, have been associated with drops in global temperatures. During the Cretaceous period, volcanic activity was associated with global warming. Explain the apparent paradox.
Problem 7
It has been suggested that global warming over the past several decades likely would have been greater were it not for the effect of certain types of air pollution. Explain how this could be true.
Problem 8
Motor vehicles are a significant source of \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\). Using electric cars, such as the one pictured here, is one way to reduce emissions from this source. Even though these vehicles emit little or no \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) or other air pollutants directly into the air, can they still be connected to such emissions? If so, explain.
Problem 10
This satellite image shows the effects of tropical deforestation in a portion of the Amazon basin in western Brazil. Intact forest is dark green, whereas cleared areas are tan (bare ground) or light green (crops and pasture). Notice the relatively dense smoke in the left center of the image. How does deforestation of tropical forests change the composition of the atmosphere? Describe the effect that tropical deforestation has on global warming.
