Problem 1
Describe the apparent motion of the stars, as seen by an observer on Earth, over the course of a single night and over the course of a year.
Problem 3
What is retrograde motion? How is it explained in Ptolcmy's and Copernicus's models?
Problem 4
Explain how Galileo's studies of physics contributed to his rejection of Aristotle's geocentric model.
Problem 7
What was the astronomical significance of Newton's studies of gravity?
Problem 8
How is the Moon positioned with respect to Earth and the Sun when it is (a) full, (b) new, (c) gibbous, (d) crescent?
Problem 9
Why does the Moon rise approximately \(53 \mathrm{~min}\) minutes later each day than it did the previous day?
Problem 10
Draw a picture of the Sun, Earth, and Moon as they will be during an eclipse of the Sun. Draw a picture of the Sun, Earth, and Moon as they are aligned during an eclipse of the Moon. Explain how these positions produce eclipses.
Problem 11
Explain how optical telescopes work. How is a refracting telescope different from a reflecting telescope?
Problem 12
Discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of space telescopes vs. ground-based observatories.
Problem 13
Describe the differences between absorption and emission spectra.
