Question

Define the terms ecological succession and climax ecosystem. How do disturbances allow for ecological succession?

Short answer

Ecological succession is a process that describes how a biological community changes structurally over time. A climax ecosystem is the final, balanced, and self-sustaining stage of this process. Disturbances create opportunities for different species to inhabit an area, triggering the process of succession that may eventually lead to a climax stage if the disturbance discontinues.

Step-by-step solution

Definition of Ecological Succession

Ecological succession is the process that describes how the structure of a biological community (that is, an interacting group of various species in a desert, forest, grassland, marine environment, and so on) changes over time. The community begins with relatively few pioneering plants and animals and develops through increasing complexity until it becomes stable or self-perpetuating as a climax community.

Definition of Climax Ecosystem

A climax ecosystem is the final stage of ecological succession. This is the point at which the area is densely populated with a diverse range of species, and ecological equilibrium is achieved. The ecosystem is now balanced and self-sustaining, barring any significant disturbances.

The Role of Disturbances in Ecological Succession

Disturbances, such as fire, drought, human activity, or other environmental factors, can create disruptions and changes to the existing community of species. These disruptions make way for new organisms to inhabit the area, therefore, triggering the process of succession. Each disturbance stage allows for different species to become dominant, eventually leading to a climax stage if the disturbance is discontinued.