Question

How does a PV system work, and what are some present applications of such cells?

Short answer

A PV system works by converting sunlight into electricity through the photovoltaic effect in the solar cells. These systems are composed of an array of PV cells, an inverter, a battery and a charge controller. Presently, PV cells are used in residential and commercial buildings for electricity generation, in remote locations, in powering electronic devices, in space exploration and in transportation.

Step-by-step solution

Explain the working mechanism of PV cells

A PV cell, also known as a solar cell, operates on the principle of photovoltaic effect. When sunlight strikes the surface of a solar cell, it gets absorbed by the semiconductor material. This light energy, in the form of photons, excites the electrons and knocks them loose from their atoms. These free electrons get captured, resulting in an electric current that can be used.

Discuss the composition of a PV system

A typical PV system includes an array of PV cells, an inverter to convert the DC (direct current) captured by the cells into AC (alternating current), a battery to store the excess generated power and a charge controller to regulate the flow of electricity and prevent overcharging.

Describe present applications of PV cells

PV cells have a wide range of applications in today's world. They are used in residential buildings and commercial establishments for generating electricity. They are also used in remote locations where grid power is unavailable. Other applications include power supply for electronic devices like calculators and watches, satellites, space vehicles, and even in transportation, such as electric cars and solar powered airplanes.