Question

What is meant by mineralization? What causes it? What are its consequences for soil?

Short answer

Mineralization is a process where organic matter is broken down into inorganic substances, enriching soil nutrients. It's caused by soil microorganisms and environmental conditions. Its consequences include increased soil fertility and water holding capacity, as well as potential nutrient leaching and soil erosion.

Step-by-step solution

Define Mineralization

Mineralization is a chemical reaction process where organic matter breaks down and gets converted into inorganic substances, releasing minerals that plants can utilize for their growth.

Describe the Cause of Mineralization

This process is primarily caused by the actions of soil microorganisms (like bacteria and fungi) and environmental conditions such as temperature, moisture, and the quality of the organic matter. These microorganisms release enzymes which help in breaking down the organic matter.

List the consequences of Mineralization on Soil

Mineralization beneficially impacts soil health in several ways. It enriches the soil by increasing its nutrient content (like nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium etc.), it improves soil structure making it more fertile, and it enhances water holding capacity of soil. On the flipside, too much breakdown of organic matter may lead to nutrient leaching and soil erosion.