Problem 1
In the "micrograms per cubic meter" concentration scale, to what substances do micrograms and cubic meters refer?
Problem 2
In general terms, what is meant by photochemical smog? What are the initial reactants in the process? Why is sunlight required?
Problem 3
What is meant by a primary pollutant and by a secondary pollutant? Give examples.
Problem 4
What is the chemical reaction by which thermal \(\mathrm{NO}\) is produced? From which two sources does most urban \(\mathrm{NO}\) arise? What is meant by the term \(\mathrm{NO}_{\chi}\) ?
Problem 5
Describe the strategies by which reduction of urban ozone levels have been attempted. What difficulties have been encountered in these efforts?
Problem 6
Describe the operation of the three-way catalyst in transforming emissions released by an automobile engine. Does the catalyst operate when the engine is cold? Why is it important for converters that the level of sulfur in gasoline be minimized?
Problem 8
What are the main anthropogenic sources of sulfur dioxide? Describe the strategies by which these emissions can be reduced. What is the Claus reaction?
Problem 9
What species are included in the air pollution index called total reduced sulfur?
Problem 12
What is the difference between dry and wet deposition?
Problem 13
Define the term aerosol, and differentiate between coarse and fine particulates. What are the usual origins of these two types of atmospheric particles?
