Problem 4
Elton (1958) showed that introduced species often increase enormously and then subside to a more static, lower density level. How might this occur in a species that was not the subject of introductions for biological control? How could you distinguish this case from a decline that followed the introduction of some parasitoids for biological control?
Problem 5
Discuss the limitations of the push-pull strategy of integrated pest management. What pest problems is this strategy best suited for? Cook et al. (2007) provide references and information on push-pull methods and approaches.
Problem 7
Contact your local municipal authorities and find out how Norway rats are controlled in your area. Discuss any ecological problems you can see with their methods and approach. Buckle and Smith \((1994),\) Colvin and Jackson \((1999),\) and Ashley et al. (2003) provide background material on rat control methods
Problem 9
For \(r\) -selected pests, Stenseth (1981) suggests that optimal control can be achieved by reducing reproduction rather than by increasing mortality. Discuss the ecological reasons behind this recommendation.
