Question

Scientific theory holds that convergent evolution occurs when different species independently evolve analogous structures, or features that may appear different, but perform the same function. Creatures evolve such structures in order to adapt to their environments. A scientist argues that bats and birds have analogous structures. Which of the following supports his argument? A. Bats use echolocation to track their prey, while birds rely primarily on sight. B. Unlike bird wings, bat wings are composed primarily of membrane, but both types of wings provide flight capabilities. C. Baby bats gain nourishment from their mother's milk, while baby birds eat worms and bugs brought by their mothers. D. Both bats and birds frequently make their homes in trees, bridges, and attics.

Short answer

B. Unlike bird wings, bat wings are composed primarily of membrane, but both types of wings provide flight capabilities.

Step-by-step solution

Review the Definition of Convergent Evolution

Convergent evolution occurs when different species independently evolve analogous structures. These features may appear different but perform the same function. This helps living organisms to adapt to their environments.

Examine Each Option

Go through each option and evaluate if it supports the argument that bats and birds have analogous structures: A. Echolocation and sight are different methods of tracking prey, so this option does not support the argument. B. This option points out the difference in the composition of bat and bird wings, but also states that both wings provide flight capabilities. This option supports the argument as the wings of both species perform the same function. C. This option illustrates the difference in how baby bats and birds gain nourishment. Therefore, it does not support the argument about analogous structures. D. This option mentions the common shelters of bats and birds, which does not relate to the analogous structures in the definition of convergent evolution.

Choose the Best Option

Based on the analysis in Step 2, Option B is the best choice as it provides evidence that supports the scientist's argument that bats and birds have analogous structures. Both types of wings provide flight capabilities, which is the primary function of wings. So, the correct answer is: B. Unlike bird wings, bat wings are composed primarily of membrane, but both types of wings provide flight capabilities.