Question

An apparatus is set up to measure the standard potential of a chemical reaction. When the apparatus is in operation, which of the following correctly describes of the movement of electrons? 1\. Through the ammeter to the anode 2\. Through the ammeter to the cathode 3\. Through the voltmeter to the anode 4\. Through the voltmeter to the cathode

Short answer

The correct description of the movement of electrons in an apparatus that measures the standard potential of a chemical reaction is 2. Through the ammeter to the cathode, as electrons flow from the anode (where they are released) to the cathode (where they are accepted).

Step-by-step solution

Identify the Anode and Cathode

In a chemical reaction involving a redox process, the anode is the electrode where oxidation takes place, and electrons are released. The cathode is the electrode where reduction takes place, and electrons are accepted.

Understand Electron Flow

In a redox reaction, electrons will flow from the anode (where they are released) to the cathode (where they are accepted).

Observe the Involvement of Ammeter and Voltmeter

The ammeter is connected in-series to measure the current produced by the electron flow, while the voltmeter is connected in parallel to measure the potential difference (voltage) between the anode and cathode.

Determine the Correct Statement

Based on the information above, we can conclude that the movement of electrons is as follows: \(1\). Incorrect: Electrons move from the anode to the cathode, not to the anode. \(2\). Correct: Electrons flow through the ammeter to the cathode, as they are moving from the anode to the cathode. \(3\). Incorrect: Electrons do not flow through the voltmeter, as it measures the potential difference between electrodes. \(4\). Incorrect: Even though the direction of electron flow is towards the cathode, the electrons do not flow through the voltmeter. So, the correct answer is 2. Through the ammeter to the cathode.