Chapter 12

Which of the following outliers would most likely be the easiest to correct? (A) A typographical error in data transfer (B) A measurement error in instrument calibration (C) A heavily skewed distribution (D) A correctly measured anomalous result

In a sample of hospital patients, the mean age is found to be significantly lower than the median. Which of the following best describes this distribution? (A) Skewed right (B) Skewed left (C) Normal (D) Bimodal

What is the median of the following data set? $$7,17,53,23,4,2,4$$ (A) 4 (B) 7 (C) 15.7 (D) 23

A hypothesis test was correctly conducted and the experimenter failed to reject the null hypothesis. Which of the following must be true? I. The $p$ -value was greater than $\alpha$ II. A type I error did not occur. III. The power of the study was too small. (A) $$ I only (B) $\mathrm{\$}IIonly(C)$\quad$IandIIonly(D)$\quad$ I and III only

Assume that blonde hair and blue eyes are independent recessive traits. If one parent is a carrier for each gene while the other parent is homozygous recessive for both genes, what is the probability that the first two offspring will both have blonde hair and blue eyes? (A) $6.25\mathrm{\%}$ (B) $25\mathrm{\%}$ (C) $43.75\mathrm{\%}$ (D) $50\mathrm{\%}$

As the confidence level increases, a confidence interval: (A) becomes wider. (B) becomes thinner. (C) shifts to higher values. (D) shifts to lower values.

Which of the following measures of distribution is most useful for determining probabilities? (A) Range (B) Average distance from mean (C) Interquartile range (D) Standard deviation

A new medication for heart failure is being developed and has had a statistically significant effect on contractility in clinical trials. Which of the following would NOT likely cause the drug to be held back from common use? (A) The value of $a$ used was 0.5. (B) Similar compounds display toxicity. (C) The effect size is clinically insignificant. (D) The study had low power to detect a difference.