Question

Iodine deficiency may result in A. acromegaly. B. cretinism. C. gigantism. D. hyperthyroidism.

Short answer

B. cretinism

Step-by-step solution

- Understand the Question

Read and understand the question carefully. It is asking which condition is a result of iodine deficiency.

- Recall the Role of Iodine and Thyroid Function

Iodine is an essential element for the production of thyroid hormones. Thyroid hormones are crucial for normal growth and metabolism.

- Assess the Options

Evaluate each option based on its relation to iodine deficiency:- A. Acromegaly: Caused by excess growth hormone, not related to iodine deficiency.- B. Cretinism: A condition characterized by severe thyroid hormone deficiency in infants, often due to iodine deficiency.- C. Gigantism: Caused by excessive growth hormone production in children, unrelated to iodine.- D. Hyperthyroidism: Overproduction of thyroid hormones, often due to other causes like Graves' disease, not usually related to iodine deficiency.

- Select the Correct Option

Based on the analysis, the condition resulting from iodine deficiency is B. cretinism.

Key concepts

thyroid function

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in your neck. It produces hormones that regulate many of the body's vital functions. These hormones are critical for controlling metabolism, which influences how fast or slow the body's functions operate.
A key ingredient for the thyroid to produce these hormones is iodine. Without enough iodine, the thyroid can't make enough hormones, leading to various health issues.
The thyroid hormones, primarily thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), play essential roles in:

• Regulating body temperature
• Maintaining the heart rate
• Controlling body weight
• Ensuring proper development and growth, especially in children

Maintaining proper thyroid function is critical for overall health, and iodine intake is foundational to this process.

cretinism

Cretinism is a severe condition that stems from significant thyroid hormone deficiency, often due to iodine deficiency. It is particularly devastating when it occurs in newborns and young children, and it affects physical and mental development.
Key symptoms of cretinism include:

• Stunted physical growth
• Delayed bone development
• Reduced mental capacity, sometimes leading to intellectual disability
• Thickened skin
• Hoarse voice

The importance of preventing cretinism can't be overstated, and ensuring adequate iodine intake in pregnant women and infants is crucial. Prenatal screening and early treatment can help manage the condition if detected early.

endocrine system

The endocrine system is a network of glands that produce and release hormones, which help control many important body functions.
The thyroid gland is one of these critical components and it interacts closely with other parts of the endocrine system. Structures involved include:

• Hypothalamus
• Pituitary gland
• Adrenal glands

The feedback loop among the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and thyroid gland is vital. The hypothalamus releases TRH (Thyrotropin-releasing hormone), which prompts the pituitary gland to release TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone). TSH then stimulates the thyroid to produce T3 and T4 hormones.
This hormone regulation is crucial for maintaining balance and health throughout the body.

thyroid hormones

Thyroid hormones, mainly thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), are produced by the thyroid gland and play essential roles in various bodily functions.
Functions of thyroid hormones include:

• Regulating the metabolism
• Influencing the heart rate
• Promoting growth and development
• Maintaining body temperature

The process of making thyroid hormones heavily depends on iodine. Without enough iodine, the thyroid struggles to produce adequate levels of T4 and T3. This deficiency can lead to hypothyroidism and conditions like cretinism in infants.
Regular monitoring of thyroid function and maintaining sufficient iodine levels through diet or supplements can help prevent these health issues. In regions with iodine-deficient soils, iodized salt has become a common dietary addition to combat these deficiencies.