Question

Which of the following is NOT a component of the functional attitudes theory? a. Knowledge b. Acceptance c. Ego defense d. Ego expression

Short answer

Acceptance is not a component of the functional attitudes theory.

Step-by-step solution

- Understanding Functional Attitudes Theory

Functional attitudes theory categorizes attitudes based on the psychological functions they serve. The main components are knowledge, ego defense, ego expression, and sometimes utilitarian or instrumental functions.

- Identifying the Given Options

The options provided are: a. Knowledge, b. Acceptance, c. Ego defense, and d. Ego expression.

- Matching Options with Theory Components

Compare each option to the components of the functional attitudes theory: Knowledge, Ego defense, and Ego expression are components of the theory. Acceptance is not listed as a component.

- Conclusion

Determine which option is not a component of the functional attitudes theory based on the comparison in Step 3.

Key concepts

Knowledge Component of Functional Attitudes Theory

The knowledge component is a vital part of the functional attitudes theory. It reflects how attitudes help individuals understand and make sense of the world.
One primary function of attitudes is to organize information and experiences.
This component helps to:

• Predict outcomes based on prior knowledge.
• Systematize the chaos of new info into understandable patterns.
• Provide consistency and order to thoughts.

This makes it easier to navigate social situations and make decisions. When facing unfamiliar or complex situations, people rely on their attitudes to guide their reactions and responses.

Ego Defense Component of Functional Attitudes Theory

Ego defense is another critical element in the functional attitudes theory. This component protects an individual's self-esteem and self-concept.
Here's how it works:

• Defending against threats: By holding certain attitudes, individuals can avoid acknowledging uncomfortable realities or distressing emotions.
• Rationalizing behaviors: People may develop attitudes that justify or excuse their actions, preventing guilt or anxiety.
• Enhancing self-image: Positive attitudes about oneself or one's group help maintain a favorable self-perception.

For example, if someone fails a test, they might adopt the attitude that the test was unfair, thus protecting their ego from the blow of failure.

Ego Expression Component of Functional Attitudes Theory

Ego expression refers to how attitudes convey individual self-identity and values.
This component is essential for self-presentation and articulation of beliefs.
Think of it this way:

• Reflecting identity: Attitudes express who we are to ourselves and to others.
• Aligning with values: Through our attitudes, we showcase what we believe and stand for, reinforcing our core values.
• Communicating with others: Our attitudes help us bond with like-minded individuals, fostering social connections.

When people strongly associate with certain causes or ideas, they use their attitudes to express these affiliations and build their personal and social identity.