Question

Which of the following indicates the pattern of sleep stages during a complete sleep cycle early in the night? (A) 1–2–3–4–1–2–REM (B) 1–2–3–4–3–2–REM (C) 4–3–2–1–2–3–REM (D) 4–3–2–4–3–1–REM

Short answer

Option A: 1–2–3–4–1–2–REM

Step-by-step solution

Understand the Stages of Sleep

Identify the stages of sleep. These are typically Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3, Stage 4, and REM sleep. Stage 1 is light sleep, Stages 3 and 4 are deep sleep, and REM is when dreaming occurs.

Recognize the Standard Sleep Cycle

Early in the night, the sleep cycle progresses from lighter stages to deeper stages before reaching the REM stage. Typically, a complete cycle progresses as 1–2–3–4, and then reverses back as 4–3–2–1 before REM.

Examine Given Options

Analyze each option to see which one matches the expected sleep cycle pattern: Option A: 1–2–3–4–1–2–REMOption B: 1–2–3–4–3–2–REMOption C: 4–3–2–1–2–3–REMOption D: 4–3–2–4–3–1–REM

Identify the Correct Pattern

Compare each option against the standard pattern. The complete sleep cycle early in the night includes the sequence of sleep stages going from 1 to 4 and then back to 1 before reaching REM. Option A matches this pattern.

Select the Correct Answer

After reviewing the options, confirm that Option A has the correct pattern as described above.

Key concepts

sleep cycle

A sleep cycle is a pattern our body follows during a night of sleep. Each complete cycle lasts around 90 minutes and consists of several stages. These stages include light, deep, and REM sleep, each with distinct characteristics. Over a typical night, we experience multiple sleep cycles. Early in the night, cycles tend to focus more on deep sleep stages, while later cycles include more REM sleep.
It's important to understand that a reliable sleep cycle helps restore and nourish our bodies and minds.
Having a consistent sleep schedule ensures we get full cycles, contributing to overall well-being.

REM sleep

REM stands for Rapid Eye Movement. This stage is unique due to the quick movements of the eyes beneath closed eyelids. REM sleep is when most dreaming occurs, and it plays a crucial role in learning and memory.
Here are some key points about REM sleep:

• The first REM phase usually occurs around 90 minutes after falling asleep.
• Heart rate and breathing become irregular.
• It’s harder to wake someone up during REM compared to other stages.
• Muscles are temporarily paralyzed to prevent acting out dreams.

REM sleep periods lengthen as the night progresses, making it an essential aspect of a good night's sleep.

sleep patterns

Sleep patterns refer to the recurring behaviors and rhythms our bodies follow during sleep. Each person can have unique sleep patterns, influenced by lifestyle, age, and health.
Some factors affecting sleep patterns include:

• Consistent bedtime routines
• The comfort of the sleep environment
• Stress levels and mental health
• Diet and physical activity

Monitoring and understanding your sleep patterns can help identify issues, like insomnia, and improve sleep quality. Tracking these patterns using technology or a sleep diary can offer insights into better sleep habits.

sleep stages 1-4

Sleep is divided into four stages, including non-REM (Stages 1-3) and REM sleep.
Here's a breakdown:
Stage 1: The lightest stage, acting as a transition from wakefulness to sleep. Easy to awaken from this stage.
Stage 2: Light sleep continues, but body temperature drops, and heart rate slows. This stage prepares the body for deep sleep.
Stage 3: The beginning of deep sleep, essential for feeling rested. It's harder to wake someone from this stage.
Stage 4: Also deep sleep, often grouped with Stage 3 as 'slow-wave' sleep. This stage involves the body repairing tissues, regenerating cells, and boosting the immune system.
Properly cycling through these stages multiple times each night ensures healthy and restorative sleep.