Question

Which of the following types of intelligence is NOT described by Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences? (A) Fluid intelligence (B) Bodily–kinesthetic intelligence (C) Visual–spatial intelligence (D) Linguistic intelligence

Short answer

A) Fluid intelligence

Step-by-step solution

Understand Gardner's Theory

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences suggests that there are different kinds of intelligences used by humans to solve problems and create products. Howard Gardner originally identified seven intelligences and later added more.

List the Intelligences Defined by Gardner

The intelligences according to Gardner's theory typically include: 1. Linguistic Intelligence 2. Logical-Mathematical Intelligence 3. Spatial Intelligence 4. Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence 5. Musical Intelligence 6. Interpersonal Intelligence 7. Intrapersonal Intelligence Later additions include Naturalistic and Existential intelligences.

Identify the Choices

The choices given are: (A) Fluid intelligence (B) Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence (C) Visual–spatial intelligence (D) Linguistic intelligence

Compare the Choices with Gardner's List

Compare the choices with Gardner's list to see which one is not included: - Bodily–kinesthetic intelligence is included in Gardner's theory. - Visual–spatial intelligence is included in Gardner's theory. - Linguistic intelligence is included in Gardner's theory. - Fluid intelligence is not mentioned in Gardner's theory.

Conclusion

Conclude that the type of intelligence not described by Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences is Fluid Intelligence.

Key concepts

Fluid Intelligence

Fluid intelligence refers to the capacity to think logically and solve problems in novel situations, independent of acquired knowledge. It includes abilities like pattern recognition,
abstract thinking, and problem-solving. Fluid intelligence tends to peak in young adulthood and can decline with age.
Unlike Gardner's multiple intelligences, fluid intelligence is not domain-specific. It is more about processing speed and the ability to deal with new information without relying on previous experience.

• Examples of fluid intelligence include solving puzzles, identifying patterns, and thinking on your feet.

Understanding the role of fluid intelligence can help us appreciate diverse cognitive abilities but remember, it's not part of Gardner's theory.

Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence

Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence is one of the intelligences defined by Gardner. It involves using one's physical body skillfully and handling objects effectively.
This type of intelligence is essential for athletes, dancers, surgeons, and craftspeople.
People with high bodily-kinesthetic intelligence excel in activities that require body coordination, balance, dexterity, strength, flexibility, and speed.

• They are often good at physical activities like sports, dance, acting, or making things by hand.
• They learn best through hands-on activities and experimentation.
• Practical tasks and using body movement to understand complex concepts are typical traits.

Visual-Spatial Intelligence

Visual-spatial intelligence is another aspect of Gardner's theory. It involves the ability to visualize and manipulate objects and dimensions in one’s mind.
People with strong visual-spatial intelligence are good at visualizing objects from different angles, navigating spaces, and understanding visual information.
This intelligence is crucial for architects, artists, engineers, and pilots.

• They often excel at tasks involving maps, mazes, charts, and visual arts like drawing, painting, and sculpting.
• They have a keen sense of space, distance, and measurement.
• They can easily understand and create visual representations of concepts.

Knowing this can help in careers that require the ability to see and imagine in three dimensions.

Linguistic Intelligence

Linguistic intelligence is about the capacity to use language effectively. It’s the intelligence related to words, spoken or written.
This form of intelligence is vital for authors, poets, journalists, public speakers, and anyone who uses language as a primary tool.
People with high linguistic intelligence are good at reading, writing, telling stories, and memorizing words.

• They typically excel in activities that involve reading, writing, conversing, and learning new languages.
• They can argue persuasively, entertain people through storytelling, or explain things clearly.
• Understanding linguistic intelligence helps in developing skills in communication and language-based tasks.