Question

Which of the following is NOT an example of material culture? (A) Traditional African clothing (B) Japanese cuisine (C) American values (D) Native American sand paintings

Short answer

Option (C) American values are not an example of material culture.

Step-by-step solution

Identify the Definition of Material Culture

Material culture refers to the physical objects, resources, and spaces that people use to define their culture. It includes items like clothing, artworks, food, buildings, and tools.

Analyze Each Option

Consider if each item listed is a physical object that can be seen, touched, or used. If it's not a physical object, it's not part of material culture.

Evaluate Option (A)

Traditional African clothing is a physical object, so it is an example of material culture.

Evaluate Option (B)

Japanese cuisine consists of food items, which are physical objects. Thus, it is an example of material culture.

Evaluate Option (C)

American values are abstract ideas and beliefs, not physical objects. Therefore, they are not an example of material culture.

Evaluate Option (D)

Native American sand paintings are physical artworks and thus are part of material culture.

Identify the Correct Answer

Since American values are abstract and not physical items, they are the correct answer.

Key concepts

cultural artifacts

Cultural artifacts are items created by people that provide information about the culture of its creator and users. These artifacts are key elements of material culture. Examples include traditional clothing, artworks, tools, and food. Each of these items holds significance beyond their mundane use. They convey the values, norms, and history of a society.

Understanding cultural artifacts means recognizing their role in representing the tangible aspects of a culture. They help us connect with the past and understand the behaviors and practices of different cultures. For instance, traditional African clothing is not just fabric; it symbolizes cultural identity and tradition.

By studying cultural artifacts, we gain insight into how people lived, what they valued, and how they interacted with their environment. This understanding helps us appreciate the diversity and richness of human cultures worldwide.

physical objects in culture

Physical objects in culture include any tangible item that is part of a community’s way of life. These objects help define a culture’s unique identity and differentiate it from others.

For example, Native American sand paintings are not merely artistic expressions. They are deeply embedded in cultural practices and often used in religious ceremonies or storytelling. The physical form and design of these paintings convey spiritual meanings and cultural heritage.

In a broader sense, traditional clothing, buildings, artworks, and cuisine are all physical objects shaping cultural experiences. They can be touched, seen, and used, making them accessible representations of cultural identity.

• Clothing: Expresses social status, cultural heritage, and personal identity.
• Artworks: Represent historical narratives, religious beliefs, and aesthetic values.
• Food: Connects to agricultural practices, regional flavors, and communal gatherings.

These objects are the visible and tangible aspects of culture that people interact with daily.

abstract vs. tangible culture

Culture can be divided into abstract and tangible elements. Abstract culture includes the non-physical, intangible aspects such as values, beliefs, norms, and ideologies. Tangible culture, on the other hand, encompasses the physical objects and artifacts created and used by people.

Abstract culture shapes the way people think, behave, and interact. For example, American values like freedom and individualism are abstract ideas. They influence societal behavior and attitudes but do not have a physical form.

Tangible culture includes all physical items that embody these abstract ideas. For instance, the Statue of Liberty is a tangible object that represents the abstract value of freedom.

Understanding the difference between abstract and tangible culture is crucial in studying how cultures develop and express themselves. While tangible culture can be seen, touched, and used, abstract culture must be understood through thoughts, practices, and beliefs. Both elements complement each other in providing a complete picture of what a culture entails.

• Abstract culture: Values, beliefs, norms.
• Tangible culture: Clothing, artworks, buildings, food.

Recognizing how these two aspects interact offers a deeper insight into cultural studies and helps appreciate the complexities of human societies.