Question

Which of the following ethical principles states that physicians should avoid using treatments with greater potential for harm than benefit? (A) Autonomy (B) Beneficence (C) Justice (D) Nonmaleficence

Short answer

The principle is (D) Nonmaleficence.

Step-by-step solution

- Understand each ethical principle

To determine which ethical principle applies, first understand the definitions of each term. - Autonomy: Respecting the patient's right to make their own decisions.- Beneficence: Acting in the best interest of the patient.- Justice: Treating patients fairly and equitably.- Nonmaleficence: Avoiding harm to the patient.

- Match the principle to the description

Identify which principle specifically states avoiding treatments that have a higher potential for harm than benefit. From the definitions:- Nonmaleficence is directly related to avoiding harm.

- Review the question with the matched principle

The question asks for the principle that indicates physicians should avoid treatments with greater potential for harm than benefit. This principle directly correlates with Nonmaleficence.

- Confirm the answer

Verify that Nonmaleficence is the principle relevant to the description given in the question. Therefore, the correct answer is (D) Nonmaleficence.

Key concepts

Autonomy in medicine

Autonomy in medicine emphasizes the patient's right to make independent decisions about their healthcare. This principle is foundational to respecting individuals as autonomous agents. By recognizing a patient's autonomy, healthcare providers enable them to make informed choices about their treatment options.

To achieve this:

• Doctors must provide all necessary information regarding diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment options.
• Patients should be encouraged to ask questions and express their preferences.

Autonomy is about patient empowerment. When patients actively participate in their healthcare decisions, it fosters a collaborative relationship and improves satisfaction with care.

Beneficence in healthcare

The principle of beneficence in healthcare requires that medical professionals act in the best interests of their patients. This means providing treatments that are likely to benefit the patient and enhance their well-being.

Practicing beneficence involves:

• Understanding the patient's needs and preferences.
• Offering evidence-based treatments and interventions.
• Continuously improving healthcare practices and outcomes.

Beneficence is at the core of the patient-provider relationship, aiming to maximize positive outcomes while ensuring the patient's welfare is prioritized.

Justice in medical ethics

Justice in medical ethics involves treating patients fairly and equitably. It's about ensuring that everyone has access to the same quality of care and resources, regardless of their background or socioeconomic status.

Key aspects of justice include:

• Equal distribution of healthcare resources.
• Non-discrimination in treatment and care.
• Transparent and unbiased decision-making processes.

Upholding justice in healthcare is essential for maintaining trust in the medical system and ensuring that all patients receive fair treatment.

Nonmaleficence principle

The principle of nonmaleficence is a commitment to 'do no harm.' Healthcare providers must avoid treatments and interventions that have a greater potential for harm than benefit.

Adhering to nonmaleficence means:

• Thoroughly evaluating the risks and benefits of any proposed treatment.
• Choosing options that minimize potential harm to the patient.
• Continuously monitoring and addressing any adverse effects of treatment.

The essence of nonmaleficence is the protection of the patient from unnecessary harm, ensuring their safety and well-being throughout their medical care journey.