Question

Ripples are (A) A.C. mixed with D.C (B) D.C. mixed with output (C) D.C. output (D) A.C. output

Short answer

The correct definition of ripples is \(A.C. mixed with D.C.\) (option A). Ripples are the residual A.C. components or fluctuations in the output of a D.C. power supply, often caused by imperfect filtering or due to load changes.

Step-by-step solution

Understand the Concept of Ripples

Ripples are generally related to the fluctuations in the output of a Direct Current (D.C.) power supply, often caused by the imperfect filtering of the output signal or due to the load changes. Specifically, these fluctuations can be seen when smoothing the output of a rectifier circuit. Now let's analyze each option:

Option A: A.C. mixed with D.C

In this option, the ripples are defined as the Alternating Current (A.C.) mixed with Direct Current (D.C.). This option seems appropriate, as the ripples are essentially the remnants of the A.C. waveform present in the filtered D.C. output. They result from the incomplete removal of the A.C. component in the rectification process.

Option B: D.C. mixed with output

In this option, the ripples are defined as D.C. mixed with the output. However, this definition is not accurate, as ripples are actually the fluctuations or residual A.C. components present in the D.C. output, and not D.C. itself.

Option C: D.C. output

This option defines ripples as the D.C. output. However, this is incorrect because the ripples refer to the fluctuations or variations in the D.C. output, not the D.C. output itself.

Option D: A.C. output

Lastly, this option states that ripples are the A.C. output. This is incorrect as well, as ripples are the fluctuations or residual A.C. components within the D.C. output, not the A.C. output itself. Considering our analysis, the correct definition of ripples is found in option A, which states that ripples are A.C. mixed with D.C.