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Suppose Universal Bank holds 100million in assets, which are composed of the following:

Required reserves:10million

Excess reserves: 5million

Mortgage loans: 20million

Corporate bonds: 15million

Stocks: 25million

Commodities: 25million

Do you think it is a good idea for Universal Bank to hold stocks, corporate bonds, and commodities as assets? Why or why not?

Short Answer

Expert verified

No, these kinds of assets are fairly high risk, and there is a danger of insolvency.

Step by step solution

01

Concept Introduction

A universal bank is a bank that joins the three fundamental administrations of banking under one rooftop. The three administrations are discount banking, retail banking, and speculation banking. As such, it is a retail bank, a discount bank, and furthermore a speculation bank.

02

Explanation

Universal banking incorporates the services of a commercial bank and an investment bank, delivering all services from within one entity. The services can contain deposit accounts, a variety of investment services, and may even provide insurance services. Deposit accounts within a universal bank may contain savings and checking.

03

Final Answer

Corporate bonds, Stocks, Commodities are relatively high risk, and there is a danger of insolvency .

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Early the next day, the bank invests \(35million of its excess reserves in commercial loans. Later that day, terrible news hits the mortgage markets, and mortgage rates jump to 13%, implying a present value of Oldhat’s current mortgage holdings of \)99838 per mortgage. Bank regulators force Oldhat to sell its mortgages to recognize the fair market value. What does Oldhat’s balance sheet look like? How do these events affect its capital position?

Oldhat Financial starts its first day of operations with \(11million in the capital. A total of \)120million in checkable deposits are received. The bank makes a \(30million commercial loan and another \)40million in mortgages with the following terms: 200standard, 30-year, fixed-rate mortgages with a nominal annual rate of 5.25%, each for $200,000. Assume that required reserves are 8%.

a. What does the bank balance sheet look like?

b. How well capitalized is the bank?

c. Calculate the risk-weighted assets and risk-weighted capital ratio after Oldhat’s first day.

Go to the St. Louis Federal Reserve FRED database, and find data on the number of commercial banks in the United States in each of the following categories: average assets less than \(100 million (US100NUM), average assets between \)100 million and \(300 million (US13NUM), average assets between \)300 million and \(1 billion (US31NUM), average assets between \)1 billion and \(15 billion (US115NUM), and average assets greater than \)15 billion (USG15NUM). Download the data into a spreadsheet. Calculate the percentage of banks in the smallest (less than \(100 million) and largest (greater than \)15 billion) categories, as a percentage of the total number of banks, for the most recent quarter of data available and for 1990:Q1. What has happened to the proportion of very large banks? What has happened to the proportion of very small banks? What does this say about the “too-big-to-fail” problem and moral hazard?

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