Chapter 19: Q 10. (page 461)
What factors does Paul Krugman identify that
supported expanding international trade in the 1800s?
He argues that Improved transportation may help in this situation, as the high cost of transporting goods makes many trades unprofitable.
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Why might a low-income country put up barriers
to trade, such as tariffs on imports?
What is intra-industry trade?
Can a nation’s comparative advantage change over
time? What factors would make it change?
Review the numbers for Canada and Venezuela from Table 19.12 which describes how many barrels of oil and tons of lumber the workers can produce. Use these numbers to answer the rest of this question.
a. Draw a production possibilities frontier for each country. Assume there are 100 workers in each country. Canadians and Venezuelans desire both oil and lumber. Canadians want at least 2,000 tons of lumber. Mark a point on their production possibilities where they can get at least 3,000 tons.
b. Assume that the Canadians specialize completely because they figured out they have a comparative advantage in lumber. They are
willing to give up 1,000 tons of lumber. How much oil should they ask for in return for this lumber to be as well off as they were with no trade? How much should they ask for if they want to gain from trading with Venezuela? Note: We can think of this “ask” as the relative price or trade price of lumber.
c. Is the Canadian “ask” you identified in (b) also beneficial for Venezuelans? Use the production possibilities frontier graph for Venezuela to show that Venezuelans can gain from trade.
In World Trade Organization meetings, what do
you think low-income countries lobby for?
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